Ch. 33: Cerebrovascular Disorders

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about cerebrovascular disorders and associated pathophysiology. Which statement of the student nurse requires correction? "A small blood vessel infarction that is associated with hypertension is known as a lacunar infarct." "The right atrium undergoes atrial fibrillation with stasis of blood and clot formation in an ischemic stroke." "The ischemia of the brain is caused by a thromboembolism from a carotid stenosis in a transient ischemic attack." "The cerebral artery ruptures and causes a large amount of blood to compress the brain tissue in a hemorrhagic shock."

"The right atrium undergoes atrial fibrillation with stasis of blood and clot formation in an ischemic stroke."

After performing a neurological examination of a client who is suspected of having a stroke, a nurse concludes that the client has a moderately severe impairment based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Which score enabled the nurse to reach this conclusion? 4 10 16 28

16

A nurse is assessing the level of consciousness of a client who has a head injury. The client is totally unresponsive. What could be the score using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)? 0 1 2 3

3

A nurse is assessing the visual fields in a client who was diagnosed with a stroke. The nurse uses the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to document a score of 3 in the client's assessment records. Which condition is associated with the score? No visual loss Partial hemianopia Bilateral hemianopia Complete hemianopia

Bilateral hemianopia

Which cultural and ethnic group of Americans has a lower risk of stroke when compared to other cultural and ethnic groups of Americans? Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Caucasian Americans

Caucasian Americans

On assessment of an older adult client, a nurse finds the blood pressure to be severely increased. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test reveals a small area of infarction. The primary health-care provider instructs the nurse to initiate anticoagulant therapy. Which condition should the nurse expect in the client? Lacunar infarct Ischemic stroke Hemorrhagic stroke Transient ischemic attack

Lacunar infarct

A research nurse, while participating in clinical trials, finds that a client has receptive aphasia. Which pathophysiological change should the nurse expect to be the cause of this condition in the client? Damage to the brain stem Dysfunction in Broca's area Dysfunction in Wernicke's area Damage to one side of cerebellum

Dysfunction in Wernicke's area

A nurse instructs a client to show teeth, raise eyebrows, and squeeze the eyes. What is the nurse trying to evaluate in the client? Facial palsy Best language Level of consciousness (LOC) commands Sensory response

Facial palsy

A nurse is examining a client who had a motor vehicle accident. The client is unable to recall past events and places visited prior to the accident. Which lobe of the cerebrum is involved in the memory loss of the client? Frontal lobe Parietal lobes Occipital lobes Temporal lobes

Frontal lobe

A computed tomography (CT) scan report of a client who has a neurological disorder reveals the presence of bleeding in a specific area of the brain. On assessment, the nurse finds elevated blood pressure and cerebral edema. The primary health care provider instructs the nurse to administer intravenous (IV) mannitol. Which condition should the nurse expect the client to have? Lacunar infarct Ischemic stroke Hemorrhagic stroke Transient ischemic attack

Hemorrhagic stroke

Why is the incidence of strokes rising every year? There is an increased number of older adults. There is an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Both A and B. None of the above.

There is an increased number of older adults.

The caregiver of a client tells a nurse that the client has paralysis of the upper and lower left limbs. On assessment, the nurse finds motor and sensory loss in the client's limbs. Which diagnostic procedure should the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe? Blood studies Electrocardiogram Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) Computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

Which lobe of cerebrum is associated with analyzing and interpreting visual information? Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

Occipital

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for the governing of proprioception? Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

A nurse finds that a client has motor and sensory loss on the right side of the body. The diagnostic tests reveal ischemia. The nurse suspects that an ischemic stroke has occurred. Which other finding indicates that the client has ischemia in the left hemisphere? Speech problem Hearing problem Learning problem Smelling problem

Speech problem

Which part of the brain regulates cardiac and respiratory functions? The pons The midbrain The cerebellum The medulla oblongata

The medulla oblongata

A nurse administers intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) to a client who was diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. On further evaluation, the nurse finds that the client still has persistent vessel occlusion. Which treatment strategy should the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe for the client? Thrombectomy Endarterectomy Dabigatran (Pradaxa) Dipyrimadole (Aggrenox)

Thrombectomy

What is the function of cranial nerve XII in the human body? Hearing Gag reflex Facial sensation Tongue movement

Tongue movement