Ch 36 Review

Which hormone is produced by the developing follicle and initiates thickening of the endometrium? estradiol LH (luteinizing hormone) hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) progesterone FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

estradiol

Which of the following animals is least likely to be hermaphroditic? a tapeworm a liver fluke a grasshopper an earthworm a barnacle (sessile crustacean)

grasshopper

In sea urchins, the slow block to polyspermy ___________, is essential to prevent sperm from other species from fertilizing the egg. All of the listed responses are correct. is caused by the expulsion of hydrolytic enzymes from the acrosome. is a result of the formation of the fertilization envelope. is directly produced by the depolarization of the egg cell membrane.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to make testosterone, which in turn stimulates sperm production? LH (luteinizing hormone) hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) estradiol progesterone

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Which hormone stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum? LH (luteinizing hormone) FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) progesterone estradiol

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Which of the following statements correctly describes how the production of human sperm and eggs differs? Each meiotic division produces four sperm but only two eggs. Meiosis is an uninterrupted process in males, whereas in females it resumes when a follicle matures and is only completed when a sperm penetrates the egg. Meiosis occurs in the testes of males but in the oviducts of females. The meiotic production of gametes occurs before a female is born, but does not begin until puberty in males. Primary oocytes stop dividing by mitosis before birth, whereas male primary spermatocytes continue to divide throughout life.

Meiosis is an uninterrupted process in males, whereas in females it resumes when a follicle matures and is only completed when a sperm penetrates the egg.

The secretory phase of the uterine cycle ___________. occurs when the endometrium begins to disintegrate and menstrual flow occurs begins with falling levels of estradiol and progesterone involves the initial proliferation of the endometrium corresponds with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds with the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

corresponds with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Certain maternal diseases, drugs, alcohol, and radiation are most dangerous to embryonic development ___________. during the first two weeks, when the embryo has not yet implanted and spontaneous abortion may occur during the second trimester, when the corpus luteum no longer secretes progesterone during the first three months, when organogenesis is occurring during the first and second trimesters, when the embryonic liver is not yet filtering toxins during the third trimester, when the most rapid growth is occurring

during the first three months, when organogenesis is occurring

Which hormone is produced by the embryo during the first trimester and is necessary for maintaining a pregnancy? progesterone estradiol LH (luteinizing hormone) FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Examples of birth control methods that prevent the production or release of gametes are __________. the progestin minipill and spermicidal foams abstinence and hormonal contraception birth control pills and IUDs hormonal contraception and sterilization condoms and diaphragms

hormonal contraception and sterilization

The blastocoel ___________. is a fluid-filled cavity in the blastula; it opens to the exterior through a blastopore opens to the exterior through a blastopore is lined with mesoderm develops into the archenteron or embryonic gut is a fluid-filled cavity in the blastula

is a fluid-filled cavity in the blastula

An advantage of sexual reproduction is that __________. it is easier than asexual reproduction it produces diploid offspring, whereas asexually produced offspring are haploid offspring have a better start when produced from a union of egg and sperm than when simply budded off a parent it requires both male and female members of a species to be present in a population and have behavioral interactions it produces variation in the offspring, and new genetic combinations may be better adapted to a changing environment

it produces variation in the offspring, and new genetic combinations may be better adapted to a changing environment

In which location does fertilization usually take place in a human female? oviduct cervix ovary vagina uterus

oviduct

The function of the corpus luteum is to __________. produce progesterone and estradiol during the luteal phase nourish and protect the egg cell maintain pregnancy by producing human chorionic gonadotropin produce prolactin, which stimulates the milk sacs of the mammary gland eject the egg and then disintegrate following ovulation

produce progesterone and estradiol during the luteal phase

Which hormone is produced by the corpus luteum and later by the placenta and is responsible for maintaining a pregnancy? hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) progesterone estradiol LH (luteinizing hormone)

progesterone

Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its function? oxytocin—stimulates uterine contractions during labor androgens—responsible for primary and secondary male sex characteristics FSH—acts on Sertoli cells that nourish sperm, promoting spermatogenesis prolactin—stimulates breast development at puberty estradiol—responsible for secondary female sex characteristics

prolactin—stimulates breast development at puberty

Which of the following structures is incorrectly paired with its function? vas deferens—transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct seminiferous tubule—adds fluid containing mucus, fructose, and prostaglandins to semen scrotum—encases testes and suspends them below the abdominal cavity prostate gland—adds fluid to semen epididymis—tubules in which sperm mature

seminiferous tubule—adds fluid containing mucus, fructose, and prostaglandins to semen

External fertilization is least likely to be associated with __________. moist environments pheromones large numbers of gametes and zygotes spermatheca behavioral interaction

spermatheca