Ch 4-6 Bio Study Guide

A prokaryotic cell

Does not have a membrane bound nucleus

Plant cells have walls but not plasma membranes

False

The products of photosynthesis are water and carbon dioxide.

False

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by lowering the energy needed for

The reaction to proceed

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function

surface to area ratio volume

How does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP?

Hydrogen ion flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP +P

The fluid-filled area within the chloroplast is called the

Stroma

The nucleus has a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes.To exit the nucleus, these molecules must

Pass through pores that span both membranes

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?

Osmosis

The removal of electrons and hydrogen ions from a substrate is called what?

Oxidation

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

Oxygen

Which complex or enzyme of photosynthesis splits H2O?

Photosystem 2

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

Plasma membrane

Which feature is found in all cells?

Plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Identify the organelle- function pairing that is mismatched

Plasma membrane- outermost barrier of a plant cell

Plant cells are connected to one another by

Plasmodesmata

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

Produce ATP

Which structures determine the flexibility of the extracellular matrix?

Proteins

Chlorophyll is to the light reactions...

RUBP as is to the Calvin cycle

Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to...

Separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flow through an ecosystem?

Solar energy, chloroplast and mitochondria

Which stages of the Calvin cycle reactions require the use of energy from ATP?

CO2 reduction and RuBP regeneration

How many times must the Calvin cycle turn to yield a single molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)?

3

ATP releases energy when...

A phosphate is removed

Which compounds link the light reactions with the Calvin cycle reactions?

ATP and NADPH

The light reactions produce ________, which are used in the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle releases ________, which return to the light reactions.

ATP and NADPH; ADP and NADP

Which energy association is correct?

Kinetic energy is energy of motion

Which of the following is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles?

Lysosome

The cell walls of bacterial cells and plant cells function in

Maintaining cell shape

Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced?

Mitochondria

Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the

Thylakoid membrane

The Calvin cycle reactions occur in bundle sheath cells in a C4 plant

To shield the Calvin cycle reactions from O2 in the the leaf spaces

Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate?

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base and two phosphate groups

Types of intracellular proteins

Actin filaments, myosin, microtubules and kinesin

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the...

Active site

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others?

Active transport

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?

Algae

Receptor proteins

Bind to a signal molecule and bring about a cellular response

In C 4 plants, chloroplasts are located in

Both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

Which of the labeled cells of a C 3 leaf is known as a bundle sheath cell?

C

In which of the labeled cells of a C 4 leaf are the Calvin cycle reactions performed?

C only

A small, low-growing plant found on the surface of a sun-exposed rock in a desert would most likely use which type of photosynthesis?

CAM

In photosynthesis, the light reactions ________ while the Calvin cycle ________.

Capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy

RuBP carboxylase is able to bind with both

Carbon dioxide and oxygen

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

Cellulose

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called

Chloroplast

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that...

Connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

Contain DNA

Atp breakdown provides the energy necessary for muscle contraction. This is an example of which concept?

Coupled reactions

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

Cytoplasm, a plasma membrane and DNA

The addition of electrons and hydrogen ions to a substrate is called what?

Reduction

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because...

Each type of enzyme binds only one specific substrate

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another

The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity?

Establishing the identity of the cell

What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve?

Facilitated diffusion

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

Feedback inhibition

Not all molecules contain the same amount of chemical energy. What is the energy relationship between G3P and CO2?

G3P has more energy than CO2

In a redox reaction, reduction means ________, and oxidation means ________.

Gain of electrons; loss of electrons

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane bound package, also known as a vesicle?

Golgi apparatus

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?

Golgi apparatus

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?

Greater surface area for ATP production

The light reactions of photosynthesis are said to be similar to a battery because they form a current. In which direction do the electrons of this circuit flow?

H20, PSII, electron transport chain, PSI, electron transport chain, NADPH

Replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II are derived from

H2O

A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment?

Hot, dry

Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is actively swimming towards an egg cell?

Mitochondria

In C 4 plants, the light reactions will stop during the daytime when the supply of what compound is limited?

NADP+

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

NADP+

What part of the bacterial cell does Y represent?

Nucleoid

If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution

The cells in a isotonic environment

Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move?

The cytoskeleton

Energy of activation

The energy required for molecules to react with each other

ATP synthase derives energy for the generation of ATP from

The movement of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma

Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

The muscle contractions of a person mowing grass.

What is an example of kinetic energy?

The skier traveling downhill

The chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center of a photosystem participate directly in the capture of solar energy. What is the purpose of the accessory pigments?

They absorb additional wavelengths of light and pass on the energy to the chlorophyll a in the racto center

In which way are vesicles different from vacuoles?

They are smaller

A new species of plant is discovered and you are asked to help classify it. Upon examination under a microscope, you find that there is a layer of bundle sheath cells containing chloroplasts around the vein of the leaf of the plant. What can you tell about the plant from this information?

This plant very likely carries out C4 photosynthesis

The light-harvesting complexes of a chloroplast are located in the ________; the enzymes of the Calvin cycle reactions are located in the ________.

Thylakoid membrane; stroma

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

To the first enzyme in the pathway

Both the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane are composed of phospholipids

True

Proteins within the extracellular matrix play a role in communicating between the matrix and the cytoskeleton.

True

The hydrophilic parts of the plasma membrane are oriented towards both the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm.

True

During photosynthesis, ________ is oxidized, while ________ is reduced.

Water; carbon dioxide

Which statement is accurate about how C 4 plants are able to survive hot, dry spells during the growing season?

When the stomata close during the heat of the day, RuBP carboxylase, which is located in the bundle sheath cells, is not exposed to the increasing oxygen concentration in the leaf spaces. This prevents RuBP carboxylase from binding to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide

Which of the following is a correct match of a molecule and the location where it is principally used?

mRNA- Nucleus and cytoplasm

Grana are

Stacks of thylakoids

Which of the following structures would not be found only in a eukaryotic cell?

Nucleus

Simple diffusion across a palms membrane is called passive transport because...

It does not require energy from the cell