CH. 4 anatomy

What does Ca2+ do in the body?

vitamin C produce collagen and new blood vessels

tight junction

water type tissue

What is the girdle of glycoprotein around the lateral surface of each cell? A. hemidesmosomes B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction E. desmosomes (1/5 cards)

zonula adherens

What is the permeability barrier that joins the cell membranes of adjacent cells in jigsaw fashion to form a tight seal? A. hemidesmosomes B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction E. desmosomes (1/5 cards)

zonula occludens

Composition of connective tissues

-in every organ -Consists of cells separated by extracellular MATRIX -MESENCHYME

A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations? (1) active transport (2) epithelium (3) simple epithelium (4) columnar epithelium (5) cuboidal epithelium (6) squamous epithelium (7) secretion by exocytosis (8) movement of mucous across its surface A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 B. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 D. 2, 3, 4, 8 E. 2, 3, 4, 7

1, 2, 3, 4, 7

essay question: what are the four principal types of human tissues? Describe the structure & function of each.

1. Epithelial- protection,absorption,secretionl,filtration 2. Connective- Holds other tissues together such as bone of blood 3. Muscular- produce force and cause motion 4.Nervous tissue-sensory, coordinate body activities

What are the 5 types of cell junctions? Describe the structure and function of each.

1. tight junctions-water type 2. adherens junctions; -holds epithelial 3. desmosomes;-holds cells 4. hemidesmosomes;1/2 desmosome 5. gap junctions-cellular communication

Which of the following occur as a result of inhibiting the release of chemical mediators of inflammation shortly after injury in a tissue? (1) stimulation of pain receptors (2) reduced stimulation of pain receptors (3) increased permeability of blood vessels (4) reduced permeability of blood vessels (5) edema (6) reduced redness A. 1, 3, 5, 6 B. 2, 4, 5, 6 C. 1, 3, 5, 6 D. 2, 4, 6 E. 1, 2, 5

2, 4, 6

Epithelial tissues are classified based on A) The arrangement of cells in layers. B) The shapes of the cells in the most superficial layer. C) The size of the cells in the deepest layer. D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct.

A and B are correct.

Which connective tissue stores triglycerides and provides cushioning and support for organs? A) adipose tissue B) aerolar connective tissue C) dense regular D) dense irregular E) elastic

A) adipose tissue

Acne A) is an inflammation of sebaceous glands. B) is caused by viruses attacking the cells of the sebaceous glands. C) is more commonly associated with the elderly. D) is usually found in sebaceous glands inhibited by androgen hormones. E) is never associated with permanent scarring of the epidermis.

A) is an inflammation of sebaceous glands

Ceruminous glands A) produce ear wax. B) produce milk. C) produce sweat. D) produce sebum. E) produce ear wax and sebum

A) produce ear wax

Epithelial tissue is characterized by A. tightly packed cells. B. absence of any basement membrane. C. extensive extracellular matrix. D. a rich blood supply. E. both tightly packed cells and a rich blood supply.

A- Tightly packed cells

AUDIO IMMUNE?*** A. causes inflammation and destruction of endocrine glands. B. is a common disease of muscle tissue C. is characterized by excessive tearing and salivation D. may progress to systemic effects including pancreatitis and migraine headaches E. is treated by administration of antibiotics.

A.

What is systematic lupus?

Autoimmune disorder inflammation major organs IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKING BODY

What is Sjogren's syndrome?

Autoimmune disorder producing exocrine gland inflammation disorder of the immune system dry mouth,eyes

WHICH IS TRUE?** LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS(SLE) A. SLE is most commonly diagnosed in white males more than 50 years of age. B. SLE is an inflammatory disease of connective tissues. C. SLE is caused by lack of exposure to sunlight and inadequate milk consumption. D. SLE is characterized by a bull's-eye rash on the arm or leg. E. SLE is treated by stimulating the immune system.

B

1.) The four primary tissue types are A. epithelial, cartilage, muscle, and brain. B. connective, eipithelial, skin, and blood. C. epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve. D. glands, bone, lungs, and kidney. E. bone, skin, blood, and muscle.

C- Epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve

The extracellular material found in connective tissue is called A. plasma. B. lymph. C. matrix. D. fibroblast. E. cytoplasm.

C-Matrix

Which of the following statements concerning collagen is false? A. Collagen is a common protein in the body. B. Collagen is composed of collagen -chains. C. Collagen is strong and flexible. D. Collagen is elastic and stretches E. There are at least 20 different types of collagen in the body.

Collagen is composed of collagen -chains.

The function of the basement membrane is to: A) provide a blood supply to epithelial tissue. B) hold cartilage onto bone. C) house the reproducing cells of stratified squamous epithelium. D) anchor epithelial tissues onto underlying connective tissue. E) secrete matrix.

D) anchor epithelial tissues onto underlying connective tissue

Connective tissues A) are the least abundant tissues and are sparsely distributed in the body. B) form coverings and linings. C) are characterized by cells with basal and apical surfaces. D) are generally avascular, except for cartilage and tendons. E) are composed of cells separated by an extracellular substance known as the matrix.

E) are composed of cells separated by an extracellular substance known as the matrix.

Skeletal muscle tissue A) consist of muscle fibers lying perpendicular to each other. B) consists of branched cells with a single nucleus. C) is found in the iris. D) if characterized by the presence of intercalated discs. E) is striated and under voluntary control.

E) is striated and under voluntary control.

Which tissue forms the coverings. linings, and glands?

Epithelial

Each tissues' capacity for tissue repair

Epithelial cells-replaced by division of stem cells or by division of undifferentiated cells .-Some connective tissues LIKE bone =continuous capacity for renewal whereas cartilage replenishes cells less readily. -Muscle cells =poor capacity for renewal. -Nervous tissue= poorest capacity for renewal

The four basic types of tissues

Epithelial tissue -Connective tissue -Muscle tissue -Nerve tissue

What type of gland possesses ducts? A. exocrine B. endocrine C. merocrine D. apocrine E. holocrine (maybe)

Exocrine

what is a tissue

Groups of cells similar in structure and function

Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue? A. little extracellular material B. rest on a basement membrane C. has good blood supply within it D. the cells are thin and flat (not thick) E. acts as a permeability barrier

Has good blood supply within it

adherens junction

Holds epithelial cells together

Description of each type of muscle tissue

SKELETAL-ATTATCHED TO BONES, MOVE BONES CARDIAC-HEART , PUMPS BLOOD SMOOTH-ORGANS, LETS contraction and relaxation with great elasticity

All of the following are true of cell junctions EXCEPT: a) Some cell junctions anchor cells to one another. b) Some cell junctions anchor cells to extracellular material. c) Some cell junctions fuse the inner surfaces of plasma membranes together. d) Some cell junctions help cells resist separation from each other. e) Some cell junctions allow materials to pass directly from one cell to another.

Some cell junctions fuse the inner surfaces of plasma membranes together.

Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells? A. pseudostratified keratinized squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple transitional epithelium D. moist stratified squamous epithelium E. stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

Statified keratinized squamous epithelium

The various types of epithelium are classified by A. the size and shape of cells. B. the shape of cells and number of cell layers. C. the number of cell layers and size of the cells. D. the size and location of cells. E. function and size of cells.

The shape of cells and number of cell layers

All of the following are true of connective tissue fibers EXCEPT: a) Collagen fibers decrease tissue flexibility. b) They strengthen and support connective tissues. c) Elastic fibers allow connective tissues to stretch. d) Reticular fibers support and strengthen connective tissues. e) Reticular fibers and elastic fibers contain glycoproteins.

a) Collagen fibers decrease tissue flexibility.

Which of the following is true of glandular epithelia? a) Their primary function is secretion. b) If they release secretions are released into tubes or ducts, they are described as endocrine. c) If they release secretions directly into the interstitial fluid, they are described as exocrine. d) They are classified as merocrine, apocrine or holocrine based on their size and location. e) They are classified as tubular or acinar based on the way they release their secretions.

a) Their primary function is secretion.

An example of a gap junction is A. a desmosome. B. a zonula adherens. C. a striation. D. an intercalated disk. E. zonula occludens.

an intercalated disk

What type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion? A. exocrine B. endocrine C. merocrine D. apocrine E. holocrine (maybe)

apocrine

The type of cell junction that prevents the contents of the stomach or urinary bladder from leaking into surrounding tissues is the: a) adherens junction. b) tight junction. c) hemidesmosome. d) desmosome. e) gap junction. (MAYBE)

b) tight junction.

which of the following takes the most time to recover? *** A. bone B. cartilage C. mesenchyme D. mucous connective tissue E. reticular connective tissue

b. CARTILAGE

A tissue that has a fluid matrix is A. blood. B. adipose tissue. C. areolar tissue. D. cartilage. E. bone.

blood

A pathologist examines a thin slice of tissue within a microscope and notes numerous cells packed tightly together. No intracellular space or blood vessel is noted between cells, but the cells have polarity. One side of the cells opens into a cavity, and the other is attached to a thin layer of extracellular material. Several of the cells are in some stage of mitosis. Which primary tissue types does the pathologist see? a) cartilage b) connective c) epithelial d) muscular e) nervous

c) epithelial

What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart? A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle 1/3 cards

cardiac muscle

The type of connective tissue that contains chondrocytes, a rigid matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycan-hyaluronic acid aggregates and few, if any, blood vessels is A. cartilage. B. bone tissue. C. adipose tissue. D. fibrous connective tissue. E. muscle tissue.

cartilage

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are A. hyaluronic acid, collagen, and reticular fibers. B. proteoglycan, elastin, and reticular fibers. C. collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. D. proteoglycan, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. E. chondronectic, osteonectin, fibronectin

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as A. simple acinar. B. compound acinar. C. simple branched tubular. D. multicellular. E. simple coiled tubular.

compound acinar

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with _____ tissue. A. epithelial B. connective C. muscular D. nervous E. All four types of tissue are correct.

connective

Description of cell junctions and what they do?

contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue CELL CONNECTION!! structure that exists within tissue of some multicellular organisms

How are the types of muscle tissue alike? a) Both cardiac and skeletal muscle are striated. b) Both cardiac and smooth muscle are under involuntary control. c) Both smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are found attached to bones. d) A and B are correct. e) A, B and C are correct.

d) A and B are correct.

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many A. desmosomes. B. gap junctions. C. tight junctions. D. basement junctions. E. intercalated discs.

desmosomes

What is a disk-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another? A. hemidesmosomes B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction E. desmosomes (1/5 cards)

desmosomes

What type of gland does not have ducts? A. exocrine B. endocrine C. merocrine D. apocrine E. holocrine (maybe)

endocrine

What type of gland excretes products by secretion into the blood? A. exocrine B. endocrine C. merocrine D. apocrine E. holocrine (MAYbe on test)

endocrine

Which tissue type forms glands? A. connective B. epithelial C. muscle D. nervous E. glandular

epithelial

What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells? A. hemidesmosomes B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction E. desmosomes (1/5 cards)

gap junction

Function of the basement membrane

guide for cell migration during development (may thicken)

Hemidesmosomes

half a desmosome, hangs on basement membrane

Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland A. is a secretory organ. B. sheds cells with its secretions. C. has no ducts. D. contains goblet cells. E. secretes to a surface.

has no ducts

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane? A. hemidesmosomes B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction E. desmosomes (1/5 cards)

hemidesmosomes

Desmosomes

holds cells together strong

What type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then ruptures and becomes part of the secretion? A. exocrine B. endocrine C. merocrine D. apocrine E. holocrine (maybe on test)

holocrine

Which of the following is not a characteristic of age-related changes at the tissue level? A. arterial walls become less elastic B. injuries heal rapidly and more completely in older people C. reduced flexibility and elasticity of connective tissue D. development of atherosclerosis E. rate of red blood cell synthesis declines

injuries heal rapidly and more completely in older people

What type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product? A. merocrine B. apocrine C. holocrine D. endocrine E. solocrine

merocrine

Which of the following occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation? A. removal of foreign material from the blood B. increased blood flow to the area C. redness and heat at the injury site D. migration of white blood cells to the site of injury E. no change in osmotic balance between blood and tissues

migration of white blood cells to the site of injury

What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea? A. simple cuboidal epithelium B. simple columnar epithelium C. stratified squamous epithelium D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E. transitional epithelium

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach? A. simple cuboidal epithelium B. simple columnar epithelium C. stratified squamous epithelium D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E. transitional epithelium

simple columnar

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules? A. simple cuboidal epithelium B. simple columnar epithelium C. stratified squamous epithelium D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E. transitional epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of A. connective tissue. B. keratinized epithelium. C. stratified squamous epithelium. D. simple columnar epithelium. E. simple squamous epithelium.

simple squamous epithelium

What type of muscle is found attached to bones? A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle 1/3 cards

skeletal muscle

What type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract? A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle

smooth muscle

Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function? A. simple epithelium - diffusion B. stratified epithelium - protection C. squamous epithelium - stretching D. cuboidal epithelium - absorption E. columnar epithelium - secretion

squamous epithelium - Stretching

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth? A. simple cuboidal epithelium B. simple columnar epithelium C. stratified squamous epithelium D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E. transitional epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be described as A. striated voluntary. B. striated involuntary. C. nonstriated voluntary. D. nonstriated involuntary. E. smooth voluntary.

striated involuntary.

A tissue had the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue? A. broken femur bone B. bullet penetrating the abdominal wall C. broken nose D. tear in the cartilage of the knee E. tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone

tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone

The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a A. hemidesmosome. B. desmosome. C. gap junction. D. intercalated disc. E. tight junction.

tight junction