ch 4 and 5
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) The actual return kept by an investor will depend on how the interest is taxed. B) The equivalent after-tax interest rate is r(1 - ). C) The highest interest rate for a given horizon is the rate paid on U.S. Treasury securities. D) It is important to use a discount rate that matches both the horizon and the risk of the cash flows.
c
Which of the following is true about perpetuities? A) All else equal, the present value of a perpetuity is higher when the periodic cash flow is higher. B) All else equal, the present value of a perpetuity is higher when the interest rate is lower. C) If two perpetuities have the same present value and the same interest rate, they must have the same cash flows. D) All of the above are true statements.
d
In an effort to maintain price stability, it is expected that the European Central Bank will raise interest rates in the future. Which of the following is the most likely effect of such an action on short-term and long-term interest rates in Europe? A) Long-term interest rates will tend to be higher than short-term interest rates. B) Long-term interest rates will be about the same as short-term interest rates. C) Both long- and short-term interest rates would be expected to fall sharply. D) No relative change in short and long term interest rates could be predicted.
a
Investment X and Investment Y are both growing perpetuities with initial cash flow of $100. Both investments have the same interest rate (r) and cash flows. The present value of Investment X is $5,000, while the present value of Investment Y is $4,000. Which of the following is true? A) Investment X has a higher growth rate than Investment Y. B) Investment X has a lower growth rate than Investment Y. C) The answer cannot be determined without knowing the interest rate for both investments. D) With the same initial cash flow and the same interest rate, Investment X and Investment Y should have the same present value.
a
What is the effective annual rate (EAR)? A) It is the interest rate that would earn the same interest with annual compounding. B) It is the ratio of the number of the annual percentage rate to the number of compounding periods per year. C) It is the interest rate for an n-year time interval, where n may be more than one year or less than or equal to one year (a fraction). D) It refers to the cash flows from an investment over a one-year period divided by the number of times that interest is compounded during the year.
a
When computing a present value, which of the following is TRUE? A) You should adjust the discount rate to match the interval between cash flows. B) You should adjust the future value to match the present value. C) You should adjust the time period to match the present value. D) You should adjust the cash flows to match the time period of the discount rate.
a
Which of the following best describes the annual percentage rate? A) the quoted interest rate which, considered with the compounding period, gives the effective interest rate B) the effective annual rate, after compounding is taken into account C) the discount rate, when compounded more than once a year or less than once a year D) the discount rate, when effective annual rate is divided by the number of times it is compounded in a year
a
Which of the following is true about perpetuities? A) Since a perpetuity generates cash flows every period infinitely, the cash flow generated equals the PV times the interest rate. B) Since a perpetuity generates cash flows every period infinitely, initial cash outflow must be discounted to calculate the present value. C) Since a perpetuity generates cash flows every period infinitely, there is no way to solve for the cash flow using the present value and the interest rate. D) Since a perpetuity generates cash flows every period infinitely, its FV is the same as its PV
a
Which of the following situations would result in lowering of interest rates by the banking authority of a country? A) The economy is slowing down. B) Inflation is rising rapidly. C) The level of investment is quite high. D) The rate of savings is quite low.
a
Why, in general, do investment opportunities offer a rate greater than that offered by U.S. Treasury securities for the same horizon? A) Most investment opportunities bear far greater risk than those offered by U.S. Treasury securities. B) The return from U.S. Treasury securities generally attracts less tax than the returns from other investments. C) The opportunity cost of capital for a given horizon is generally based on U.S. Treasury securities with that same horizon. D) U.S. Treasury securities are generally considered to be the best alternative to most investments.
a
You are given two choices of investments, Investment A and Investment B. Both investments have the same future cash flows. Investment A has a discount rate of 4%, and Investment B has a discount rate of 5%. Which of the following is true? A) The present value of cash flows in Investment A is higher than the present value of cash flows in Investment B. B) The present value of cash flows in Investment A is lower than the present value of cash flows in Investment B. C) The present value of cash flows in Investment A is equal to the present value of cash flows in Investment B. D) No comparison can be madewe need to know the cash flows to calculate the present value.
a
Which of the following is/are TRUE? I. The EAR can never exceed the APR. II. The APR can never exceed the EAR. III. The APR and EAR can never be equal. A) Only I is true. B) Only II is true. C) Only II & III are true. D) Only I & III are true.
b
The yield curve is typically ________. A) downward sloping B) upward sloping C) flat D) inverted
b
What, typically, is used to calculate the opportunity cost of capital on a risk-free investment? A) the best expected return offered in any investment available in the market B) the interest rate on U.S. Treasury securities with the same term C) the interest rate of any investments alternatives that are available D) the best rate of return offered by U.S. Treasury securities
b
A bank offers an account with an APR of 5.8% and an EAR of 5.88%. How does the bank compound interest for this account? A) weekly compounding B) monthly compounding C) semiannual compounding D) annual compounding
c
Inflation is calculated as the rate of change in the _______. A) unemployment rate B) Gross Domestic Product C) Consumer Price Index D) risk-free rate
c
What is the shape of the yield curve and what expectations are investors likely to have about future interest rates? A) inverted; higher B) normal; higher C) inverted; lower D) normal; lower
c
Which of the following statements regarding perpetuities is FALSE? A) To find the value of a perpetuity by discounting one cash flow at a time would take forever. B) A perpetuity is a stream of equal cash flows that occurs at regular intervals and lasts forever. C) PV of a perpetuity = Cr D) One example of a perpetuity is the British government bond called a consol.
c
Historically, why were high inflation rates associated with high nominal interest rates? A) Individuals will spend more when they expect their investments to increase in value. B) Growth in investment and savings is encouraged when consumers are judged to be overspending. C) High inflation leads to a decrease in purchasing power and thus increases the attractiveness of investment over consumption in the short term. D) The real interest rate needs to be high enough so that individuals can expect their savings to have greater purchasing power in the future than in the present.
d
When the costs of an investment come before that investmentʹs benefits, what will be the effect of a rise in interest rates on the attractiveness of that investment to potential investors? A) It will make it more attractive, since it will increase the investmentʹs net present value (NPV). B) It will make it more attractive, since it will decrease the investmentʹs net present value (NPV). C) It will make it less attractive, since it will increase the investmentʹs net present value (NPV). D) It will make it less attractive, since it will decrease the investmentʹs net present value (NPV).
d
Which of the following reasons for considering long-term loans inherently more risky than short-term loans is most accurate? A) There is a greater chance that inflation may fall in a longer time-frame. B) The penalties for closing out a long term loan early make them unattractive to many investors. C) Long-term loans typically have ongoing costs that accumulate over the life of the loan. D) The loan values are very sensitive to changes in market interest rates.
d
Which of the following statements is FALSE about interest rates? A) As interest rates may be quoted for different time intervals, it is often necessary to adjust the interest rate to a time period that matches that of cash flows. B) The effective annual rate indicates the amount of interest that will be earned at the end of one year. C) The annual percentage rate indicates the amount of simple interest earned in one year. D) The annual percentage rate indicates the amount of interest including the effect of compounding.
d
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) The interest rates that banks offer on investments or charge on loans depend on the horizon of the investment or loan. B) The Federal Reserve determines very short-term interest rates through its influence on the federal funds rate. C) The interest rates that are quoted by banks and other financial institutions are nominal interest rates. D) Fundamentally, interest rates are determined by the Federal Reserve.
d
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) The opportunity cost of capital is the best available expected return offered in the market on an investment of comparable risk and term of the cash flows being discounted. B) Interest rates we observe in the market will vary based on quoting conventions, the term of investment, and risk. C) The opportunity cost of capital is the return the investor forgoes when the investor takes on a new investment. D) For a risk-free project, the opportunity cost of capital will typically be greater than the interest rate of U.S. Treasury securities with a similar term.
d
Which of the following would be LEAST likely to lower the interest rate that a bank offers a borrower? A) The number of borrowers seeking funds is low. B) The expected inflation rate is expected to be low. C) The borrower is judged to have a low degree of risk. D) The loan will be for a long period of time.
d
t/f: Cash flows from an annuity occur every year in the future.
false
t/f: For a free-risk investment, the opportunity cost of capital will generally be more than the interest rate offered by U.S. Treasury securities with a similar term.
false
t/f: Joe borrows $100,000 and agrees to repay the principal, plus 7% APR interest compounded monthly, at the end of three years. Joe has taken out an amortizing loan.
false
t/f: The annual percentage rate indicates the amount of interest, including the effect of any compounding.
false
t/f: The real interest rate is the rate of growth of oneʹs purchasing power due to money invested.
false
t/f: The term opportunity in opportunity cost of capital comes from the fact that any worthwhile opportunity for investment will have a cost: the risk to the capital invested.
false
t/f: Trial and error is the only way to compute the internal rate of return (IRR) when interest is calculated over five or more periods.
false
t/f: When there are large numbers of people looking to save their money and there is little demand for loans, one would expect interest rates to be high.
false
t/f: Market forces determine interest rates based ultimately on the willingness of individuals, banks, and firms to borrow, save, and lend.
true
t/f: Quality adjustments to changes in the CPI most often result in reductions to the inflation rate calculated from it.
true
t/f: The internal rate of return (IRR) is the interest rate that sets the net present value (NPV) of the cash flows equal to zero.
true
t/f: The opportunity cost of capital is the best available expected return offered in the market on an investment of comparable risk and term to the cash flow being discounted.
true
t/f: The present value (PV) of a stream of cash flows is just the sum of the present values of each individual cash flow.
true
t/f: When you borrow money, the interest rate on the borrowed money is the price you pay to be able to convert your future loan payments into money today.
true
t/f: a growing perpetuity, where the rate of growth is greater than the discount rate, will have an infinitely large present value (PV).
true