Ch 4. Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences

Children demonstrate an understanding of gender roles by the age of: A. 5 years. B. 3 years. C. 18 months. D. 1 year.

B. 3 years.

_____ represents the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions that are shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. A.Evolution B. Culture C. A norm D. Individualism

B. Culture

Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience BEST illustrates dynamics highlighted by: A. behavior genetics. B. gender schema theory. C. evolutionary psychology. D. social learning theory.

B. gender schema theory.

Regarding status and power in modern society, brute strength is generally becoming: A. a secondary factor. B. less important. C. more important than ever. D. a necessary prerequisite.

B. less important.

Defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification is typical of _____ cultures.

Individualism

People with autism spectrum disorder have a tendency to be aloof, so that they keep a distance from others that feels emotionally manageable to them. Others, in turn, are likely to maintain that interpersonal distance. In this case, aloofness is a(n) _____ trait. A. hereditary B. evocative C. random D. environmental

B. evocative

A recent ad for toy cars stated: "Your son will feel ten feet tall today. He will be able to explore his world. He will be able to create cities. He will be able to drive his imagination to new places." This is an example of a gender:

role

The musician Stevie Wonder has been blind since shortly after birth. Even if his vision was restored by a miracle surgery, he probably would NOT get his eyesight back because: A. brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses. B. normal pruning of the visual brain cells occurred. C. brain development ends in childhood. D. visual deprivation has no effect on brain development.

A. brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses.

Men report that their MOST intimate and nurturing friendships tend to be: A. with women. B. rare, or nonexistent. C. with other men. D. with men and women equally.

A. with women.

Because humans live in the technology age, they are able to harness _____ so that they benefit from the preservation of innovation. A. regeneration B. brain plasticity C. energy D. culture

B. brain plasticity

If a child loses vision, his or her brain will respond by using the area previously devoted to vision for other abilities. This is an example of: A. heritability. B. brain plasticity. C. epigenetics. D. learning.

B. brain plasticity.

Early Head Start has built off of Rosenzweig's research on rats, to provide a(n) _____ environment for preschool children living in poverty. A. different B. enriched C. variable D. impoverished

B. enriched

Teens who smoke typically have friends who smoke. To avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teens, it would make the MOST sense to consider the impact of: A. personal space on connectedness. B. temperament on physical health. C. smoking preferences on friendship choices. D. natural selection on gender typing.

C. smoking preferences on friendship choices.

According to researchers, a child who hears English spoken with one accent at home and another in the neighborhood and at school will usually adopt: A. the accent of the parents at home. B. the accent taught at school. C. the accent of the peers. D. a mix of accents of both the parents and the peers.

C. the accent of the peers.

A psychologist has a limited budget for research, so she needs to focus on a small sample of individuals who are most likely to develop alcohol use disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Given what we know about gender differences, which of these groups would the researcher choose? A. a group of teenage females B. a group of adult females C. a mixed group of adult males and females D. a group of adult males

D. a group of adult males

Many Americans, because of their limited exposure to other cultures, experience _____ when they visit a non-English-speaking country. A. confusion B. anxiety C. different norms D. culture shock

D. culture shock

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are at very high risk for physical abuse. This is because the hyperactivity is a(n) _____ trait. A. genetic B. environmental C. hereditary D. evocative

D. evocative

Pamela is a 15-year-old White teen who lives in the suburbs. She is likely to have her _____ influence her clothing selection and her _____ influence her college choice. A. parents; teachers B. peers; teachers C. parents; peers D. peers; parents

D. peers; parents