Ch. 4 Health of the Individual

The nurse seeking input from the client regarding their preferences for a snack, this is satisfying what basic need?

Nurse is showing respect to the individual and meeting self-esteem needs.

Why is meeting basic human needs important?

People's behaviors, feelings about self and others, values, and priorities all relate to physiologic and psychosocial needs. These basic human needs are common to all people; meeting these needs is essential for the health and survival of all people.

When Maslow's needs are not met, what happens? When they are met?

Their lack of fulfillment results in illness. A person feels something is missing when a need is unmet. Their fulfillment helps prevent illness or signals health. Meeting basic needs restores health. Fulfillment of basic needs takes priority over other satisfactions when unmet. A person feels satisfaction when a need is met.

When assisting the client to validate their feelings regarding treatment options, this is satisfying what basic need?

the nurse is acknowledging the uniqueness of the client and respects the client's knowledge and feelings in solving problems to attain self-actualization.

What is the role of nurses in meeting patient's basic needs?

*Teaching/Assisting patient in self-care* (priority!): A person can meet some needs independently, but most needs require relationships and interactions with others for partial or complete fulfillment. Satisfying one's needs often depends on the physical and social environment, especially one's family and community.

What constitutes self-actualization needs?

-> Highest level-need for individuals to reach their full potential, continues throughout your life 1. Acceptance of self and others as they are 2. Focus of interest on problems outside oneself 3. Ability to be objective 4. Feelings of happiness and affection for others 5. Respect for all people 6. Ability to discriminate between good and evil 7. Creativity as a guideline for solving problems and pursuing interests

What constitutes self-esteem needs? What can result from having these needs met?

-> Need for a person to *feel good about oneself*, to feel pride and a sense of *accomplishment*, and to believe that *others also respect and appreciate those accomplishments* -> Positive self-esteem facilitates the person's confidence and independence.

What constitutes love and belonging needs? What can occur if this need is unmet?

-> Often called higher-level needs 1. Understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love 2. The feeling of belonging to groups such as families, peers, friends, a neighborhood, and a community. -> Unmet needs produce loneliness and isolation

What are examples of interventions to meet loving and belonging needs?

1. Including family and friends in care of a patient -> beware that it's only family that the pt wants 2. Establishing a trusting nurse-patient relationship 3. Referring pts to support groups

What constitutes the physiological needs? What's the most essential?

1. Oxygen: most essential 2. Water 3. Food 4. Elimination 5. Temperature 6. Sexuality 7. Physical activity (earlier you ambulate=better) 8. Rest 9. Must be met at least minimally to maintain life *These must be met first.

What factors affect self-esteem?

1. Role changes --> becoming the breadwinner in a family, etc. 2. Body image changes --> amputees, colostomy, etc; must learn to not feel sorry for self. 3. Respecting patients values & beliefs 4. Encouraging pts to set attainable goals --> E.g. day 1: I will give you injection, day 2: I will help you do it, day 3: I will watch you give it to yourself, like this you have given small attainable goals and allow them to feel accomplished when they reach these goals.

What are examples of interventions to meet safety and security needs?

1. Using proper hand hygiene to prevent infection --> #1 thing to do to prevent infection 2. Using electrical equipment properly 3. Administering medications knowledgeably --> understanding dosage conversions, knowing where to administer, etc. 4. Moving & ambulating patients skillfully --> how to turn pt, how to get them out of bed, keeping in mind history of falls etc. 5. Trusting others, being free of fear & anxiety --> keep pt up to date so that pt trusts you

The nurse is prioritizing nursing care for a pt in a long term setting. Which examples of nursing interventions help meet physiologic needs? Select all that apply. A. Preventing falls in the facility B. Changing a pts oxygen tank C. *Providing materials for a pt who like to draw?* D. Helping a pt to eat his dinner E. Facilitating a visit from a spouse F. Referring a pt to a cancer support group

B, D

What constitutes the safety and security needs?

Being protected from potential or actual harm, which includes both physical and emotional components.

How can a nurse fulfill the self-actualization needs of a patient?

Focus on the patients strengths & capabilities rather than the problems --> E.g. If paralyzed on left side, say okay, let's focus on what you do have: your left side

What are Maslow's five levels of needs? In what order are the needs met?

Level 1: Physiologic needs Level 2: Safety & security needs Level 3: Love & belonging needs Level 4: Self-esteem needs Level 5: Self-actualization needs *lower level needs must be met first, before meeting higher needs. Slide 3 image for visual

Which patient need has the highest priority? A patient who needs to ambulate to prevent DVT (deep vein thrombosis) B patient who is in isolation and feels lonely C patient who recently lost her husband D An elderly patient who is at risk for falls

A.

A nurse who focuses attention on the strengths and abilities of patients rather than their problems is helping them to achieve which of Maslow's basic human needs? A. Self-actualization B. Self-esteem C. Love and belonging D. Safety and security E. Physiologic

Answer: A. Self-actualization Rationale: To meet patient self-actualization needs, nurses provide a sense of direction and hope, and maximize patient potential. Self-esteem needs are met by respecting patient values and beliefs and setting attainable goals for them. Love and belonging needs are met by including family and friends and establishing caring relationships with patients. Safety and security needs are met by encouraging spiritual practices and independent decision making. Physiologic needs are needs that must be met to maintain life.

A nurse is providing care based on Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs. For which nursing activities is this approach useful? A. Making accurate nursing diagnosis B. Establishing priorities of care C. Communicating concerns more concisely D. Integrating science into nursing care

B