CH 4 HW Questions

Explain mucous membranes

-Type of membrane that lines open body cavities. -Type of membrane adapted for absorption or secretion.

Explain the serous membrane

-Type of membrane that secretes fluids around organs. -Type of membrane that contains a visceral and a parietal layer. -Peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are examples of this type of membrane.

What are the characteristics of the reticular dermis layer?

1. Dense irregular connective tissue 2. Role in body temp homeostasis 3. Lamellar corpuscles 4. Hair follicles 5. Sweat glands

What are characteristics of the hypodermis?

1. Fat storage 2. insulation 3. Connect skin with body

What are the characteristics of the papillary dermis layer?

1. Fingerprints 2. Superficial layer of dermis 3. Loose areolar connective tissue 4. Pain receptors 5. Touch receptors

What are characteristics of the dermis?

1. Sensation 2. Thermoregulation 3. Elasticity 4. Excretion

What are characteristics of the epidermis?

1. Water resistance 2. Water retention 3. Pigmentation 4. Vitamin D synthesis

A splinter pierces through the epidermal layers of the sole of the foot in the following order: 1. stratum basale 2. stratum corneum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5. stratum spinosum

2, 4, 3, 5, 1

If a person has third-degree burns on both anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower limbs, what percentage of the body surface area is burned?

36%

A needle would pierce the skin of the forearm in which order? (1) stratum basale; (2) stratum granulosum; (3) stratum spinosum; (4) stratum corneum; (5) stratum lucidum

4, 2, 3, 1

Which of these factors is/are the most likely cause of permanent hair loss?

Genes

When James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed?

Hair shaft

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders?

Jaundice

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the ________.

Lunule

Which structures are located in the epidermis?

Merkel cells or discs

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding melanin? 1. Freckles and moles are seen where melanin is concentrated in one spot. 2. Melanin is produced by special cells called melanocytes. 3. The stratum basale cells phagocytize the melanin produced by the melanocytes and it accumulates within them. 4. Melanin ranges in color from yellow to brown to black. 5. More melanin is produced when the skin is not exposed to sunlight.

More melanin is produced when the skin is not exposed to sunlight.

Which of the following membranes lines body cavities that are open to the exterior?

Mucous

Define epidermis

Outer layer of skin

Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________.

Papillary layer of the dermis

What is the function of the keratin found within skin cells?

Prevents water loss

What type of burn does a patient have if blisters are present and the affected area is painful?

Second degree

A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn does the patient most likely have?

Second-degree burn

Which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer?

Serous

What kind of membranes line body cavities that do not open to the outside of the body (except for the dorsal body cavity and joint capsules)?

Serous membrane

What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and produces a lubricant that allows organs to move against neighboring organs without friction?

Serous membrane

What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities?

Serous membrane

What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells?

Stratum spinosum

Define hypodermis

Subcutaneous fatty layer

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

Synovial

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

The skin converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D.

Define stratum corneum

Thick superficial layer of flat, keratinized, dead cells; responsible for dandruff

What type of burn damages the skin so severely that regeneration of the damaged tissue is NOT possible?

Third-degree burn

Explain the cutaneous membrane

Type of membrane that forms the skin.

Explain synovial membrane

Type of membrane that lines the fibrous capsules surrounding joints.

One important role of the skin is to produce __________, which is essential for normal calcium absorption.

Vitamin D

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

Vitamin D

Lamellar corpuscles __________.

are deep pressure-sensitive receptors

Which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basale?

basal cell carcinoma

"Melan"

black

All epithelial membranes have a layer of __________ underneath them.

connective tissue

Which of these is associated with a skin allergy?

contact dermatitis

The only dry membrane is the ________.

cutaneous membrane

The type of tissue making up the bulk of the dermis is __________.

dense irregular connective tissue

The epidermis is composed of __________ tissue.

epithelial

The terms sheath, bulb, and follicle all relate to which of the following?

hair

Sebaceous glands are usually associated with __________.

hair follicles

Where does hair growth occur?

hair matrix

What is the function of epidermal dendritic cells?

ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system

Hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin are made mostly of a tough waterproof protein called __________.

keratin

A mucous membrane __________.

lines the digestive and respiratory tracts

Where are mucous membranes found?

lining the inside of the stomach

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

This type of membrane lines body cavities that are open to the exterior.

mucous

Burns are assessed by the rule of __________.

nines

What are the two layers of the dermis?

papillary and reticular

"Derm"

pertaining to the skin

What prevents skin from becoming brittle?

sebum

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

sebum

"Cutan"

skin

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of malignant melanoma?

smooth border

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the epidermis?

stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis forms the nail bed?

stratum basale

What layer is affected when a scrape affects the most superficial epidermal layer?

stratum corneum

Sebaceous glands produce oils whereas the __________ glands produce sweat.

sudoriferous

Define stratum spinosum

the prickly layer and second part of the epidermis Live keratinocytes connected by desmosomes produce pre-keratin

As cells progress from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, __________.

they tend to die

As humans age, the skin's elasticity declines and skin gets __________.

thinner

How is the rule of nines used by a clinician?

to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns

"Crine"

to secrete

The white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby's skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called ________.

vernix caseosa

Which of the following is NOT a function of skin? 1. It plays an important role in regulating heat loss from the body. 2. It protects the whole body from mechanical damage. 3. It manufactures several proteins important to immunity and synthesizes vitamin D in the presence of sunlight. 4. It produces vitamin C in the presence of sunlight. 5. It insulates and cushions the body.

4. It produces vitamin C in the presence of sunlight.

Glands usually associated with the skin of the genitals and the axillary region, and which secrete fatty acids and proteins, are called __________.

Apocrine glands

Which type of skin cancer is the least malignant but most common?

Basal cell carcinoma

All of the following homeostatic imbalances include reddening of the skin EXCEPT __________.

Boils

The cells in our bodies are made up primarily of which four elements?

C, H, N, O

Define stratum granulosum

Cells flatten and fill with keratin, resulting in a grainy appearance

Define stratum lucidum

Clear layer found only in thick skin; cells full of keratin

What provides toughness to the dermis and holds water in this skin layer?

Collagen fibers

Define dermis

Contains sensory receptors, blood vessels, and nerves

What causes hair to stand up and the skin to dimple when one is cold or frightened?

Contraction of arrector pili muscles

Which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

D stands for diagnosis

Define stratum basale

Deepest layer; site of rapid cell division and melanin production

Which of these statements describes the papillary layer of the skin?

Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis.

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of ________.

Diffusion

What type of cutaneous gland produces sweat that cools the body upon evaporation from the skin?

Eccrine gland

The __________ is the avascular, keratinized layer of skin.

Epidermis

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions to the skin's surface via ducts.

Exocrine