Ch. 4: Polar & Non-polar covalent bonds

Law of conservation of matter

matter is neither created nor destroyed

Electronegativity difference

measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond - ionic bond (1.9+) - polar covalent (0.9 - 1.8) -non-polar covalent (0 - 0.8)

Chemical reactions

represented by chemical equations

Polar covalent bond

when 2 atoms are *different*, the 2 electrons can be shared unequally, with the more electronegative atom possessing more of the electron density ex) H-Cl

Non-polar covalent bond

when the atoms are *identical*, the electrons are shared equally - 2 electrons in a covalent bond, A-X are located between the 2 nuclei ex) H-H