Ch. 4 psych

Sharon notices that her baby grasps her finger every time she places it in her infant's palm. Which of the following is an explanation for why her baby shows this reflex? a. It protects the baby from overstimulation. b. It is a new genetic adaptation. c. It helps speed up development. d. It helps babies survive.

It helps babies survive

Lila is not an alcoholic and never drinks to excess. However, she does have wine with dinner every evening. When Lila is two weeks pregnant, she asks you whether this can injure her baby. What correct response can you give her? a. Because she does not drink to excess, wine will probably not injure the baby. b. She should stop drinking wine completely until after the baby is born. c. She should only drink once a week since a small amount of wine cannot do any harm. d. Because she drinks every day, her body is used to it and wine will not hurt the baby.

She should stop drinking wine completely until after the baby is born.

When Kate's grandma leans over the crib with a toy in her hand, eight-month-old Kate grasps it and pulls on it. When Kate's mom hangs a set of animals across the crib, Kate reaches up, grabs them, and pulls them down. Kate seems to be working on ________ for grasping and pulling. a. a schema b. a reflex c. conservation d. object permanence

a schema

Elizabeth is going to decorate her newborn's room and wants the baby to be able to see the decorations. Which of the following should she use to decorate? a. wallpaper covered in small blue butterflies b. a large picture with pastel flowers in a field c. a wall hanging with a large black-and-white checked fabric d. curtains with red, blue, and yellow cars for the window

a wall hanging with a large black-and-white checked fabric

Baby George's mother leaves him sitting in the grocery cart as she goes around the corner searching for cake mix. George screams as she leaves, reaches for her when she returns, but then pushes her away. George's behavior is most consistent with a(n) ________ attachment style. a. avoidant b. secure c. ambivalent d. strange

ambivalent

During the strange-situation test, Grady begins crying when his mom leaves the room. When his mom returns, Grady holds up his arms, asking to be picked up. However, when his mom picks him up, he pushes her away angrily. Grady's behavior is consistent with a(n) ________ attachment style a. secure b. avoidant c. separation anxiety d. ambivalent

ambivalent

Mary and Eric are outside playing one day when Eric looks up and asks, "What's that big bright ball in the sky?" Mary replies that it is the sun. That night, Eric looks out his bedroom window and sees a big, bright ball in the sky. "Look, Mary, it is the sun!" he exclaims. This example shows that Eric has used ________ for his new knowledge. a. egocentrism b. centration c. accommodation d. assimilation

assimilation

Zandra's mother brings her 2-year-old daughter to a new dentist. Zandra's mother leaves the room and Zandra is momentarily alone with the dental hygienist, whom Zandra smiles at and plays with. When Zandra's mother returns, Zandra barely glances up and continues to play patty-cake with the dental hygienist. Zandra would most likely be classified as having a(n) ________ attachment. a. ambivalent b. avoidant c. normal d. secure

avoidant

Five-year-old Simone is shown two evenly spaced rows of five nickels. When asked which row has "more," Simone responds that the rows are the same. Next, one of the rows of nickels is squished close together. When asked which has "more," Simone responds that the row that is still spaced out has more. In this example, Simone has displayed a. object permanence. b. centration. c. conservation. d. egocentrism.

centration

Derek pretends to be a baker while playing in the sand. He forms five sand cookie balls, and then he forms a sixth but flattens it into a pancake. "Wow! This cookie is way bigger than the others!" he exclaims. This example best illustrates Derek's ________ development. a. socio-emotional b. moral c. cognitive d. physical

cognitive

When trying to explain Piaget's theory of development to his roommate, Martin correctly states that development a. consists of a series of qualitatively different stages of cognitive ability. b. is primarily a biological process. c. varies widely across cultures as a function of different environments. d. depends on physical skills rather than cognitive skills.

consists of a series of qualitatively different stages of cognitive ability

In front of Chris, Tasha pours the same amount of water into a short, fat glass and a tall, thin glass. She then asks Chris which glass has more water. If Chris is six years old, he is most likely to answer that a. they have the same amount of water. b. the short, fat glass has more water. c. he does not know which glass has more water. d. the tall, thin glass has more water.

d. the tall, thin glass has more water.

Jerome is busy developing in his mother's womb. Jerome will begin developing lungs during the ________ period. a. embryonic b. germinal c. fetal d. zygotic

embryonic

Becca is at her regular prenatal checkup. The doctor tells her, "The organs are highly developed and now we mainly want the baby to gain weight." Based on this, Becca's baby is currently in the ________ stage of development. a. fetal b. embryonic c. germinal d. critical

fetal

Taylor was in a car accident when she was six months pregnant. Her doctors are worried that the accident may have caused problems with prenatal development because she is in the ________ period. a. germinal b. fetal c. zygotic d. embryonic

fetal

Amelia has been quite stressed lately and is very alarmed when she goes into labor at 30 weeks of gestation. Her baby has not finished the ________ period of prenatal development. It ________ live outside of the womb. a. embryonic; can b. fetal; can c. fetal; cannot d. embryonic; cannot

fetal; can

When his sister becomes pregnant, Tyrone learns the effect of teratogens, which include all of the following EXCEPT a. X-rays. b. caffeine. c. the measles d. folic acid.

folic acid

Sally is playing outside with her brother Micah one day and wants to push him down when he takes her swing. Sally does not push Micah, however, because she predicts that she will be punished with no television privileges after dinner if she does. Sally is most likely in the ________ stage of development. a. formal operational b. sensorimotor c. preoperational d. concrete operational

formal operational

Claudia has been feeling ill for a couple of weeks and finds out she is two weeks pregnant. Up to this point, her baby has been in the ________ period of development, and the ________ has begun to form. a. embryonic; embryo b. germinal; placenta c. embryonic; placenta d. germinal; embryo

germinal; placenta

Jane is four months pregnant. When describing how her baby is developing, Jane is most likely talking about changes that occur during the ________ period. a. blastocyst b. germinal c. teratogen d. prenatal

prenatal

Kaya is crying because her teddy bear fell off the kitchen table and bumped its nose. She pretends to be "Mommy" and goes to the cupboard for a Band-Aid to put on the bear's hurt nose. Because Kaya's thinking is intuitive and not logical, she is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development. a. concrete operational b. formal operational c. preoperational d. sensorimotor

preoperational

Your friend Phia is one month pregnant. You tell her to eliminate any exposure to teratogens right now, because they could harm the embryo. When she asks what they could do to the embryo, you say that, right now, the teratogens could cause problems with a. structural development of the baby's external genitalia. b. intellectual development. c. structural development of the baby's spine or brain. d. emotional development.

structural development of the baby's spine or brain

When his sister becomes pregnant, Graham gives her a mini-lesson in prenatal care based on what he learned in his introductory psychology class. He should tell her all of the following EXCEPT that a. alcohol, prescription drugs, and chemicals in the environment are teratogens. b. teratogens include any chemical in the environment that negatively affects the fetus. c. she can avoid many birth defects by practicing healthy habits. d. teratogens work on recessive genes to affect prenatal child development.

teratogens work on recessive genes to affect prenatal child development.

McKenzie is new at observing infant behavior in the strange-situation test and is uncertain how to assess baby Stephan's actions. If she guesses that he is securely attached, he most likely a. continued to play happily when his mother left him alone in the room. b. was not afraid of strangers when his mother was in the room with him. c. was comforted by a stranger when his mother was out of the room. d. ignored his mother when she returned to the room after being gone.

was not afraid of strangers when his mother was in the room with him.