Ch 41
An older woman's X-rays reveal a diagnosis of osteoporosis. The nurse advises the woman that the radiolucency seen in the bones indicates a minimal level of demineralization of which percentage?
25%
A patient is diagnosed with osteogenic sarcoma. What laboratory studies should the nurse monitor for the presence of elevation?
Alkaline phosphatase
Which of the following is the first-line medication that would be used to treat and prevent osteoporosis?
Bisphosphonates
Which group is at the greatest risk for osteoporosis?
Caucasian women
refers to abnormal shortening of muscle or fibrosis of joint structures.
Contracture
A client seeks medical attention for a ganglion. Which statement about this musculoskeletal mass is true?
Dorsiflexion exacerbates signs and symptoms of a ganglion.
A physician prescribes raloxifene to a hospitalized client. The client's history includes a right hip fracture, hysterectomy, deep vein thrombosis, and hypertension. Which action by the nurse demonstrates safe nursing care?
Holding the raloxifene and notifying the physician
The nurse is educating the patient with low back pain about the proper way to lift objects. What muscle should the nurse encourage the patient to maximize?
Quadriceps
Which term refers to a disease of a nerve root?
Radiculopathy
A client with Paget's disease comes to the hospital and reports difficulty urinating. The emergency department health care provider consults urology. What should the nurse suspect is the most likely cause of the client's urination problem?
Renal calculi
On a visit to the family health care provider, a client is diagnosed with a bunion on the lateral side of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching session?
Some bunions are congenital; others are caused by wearing shoes that are too short or narrow."
In chronic osteomyelitis, antibiotics are adjunctive therapy in which situation?
Surgical debridement
Morton neuroma is exhibited by which clinical manifestation?
Swelling of the third (lateral) branch of the median plantar nerve
A client with a musculoskeletal injury is instructed to alter the diet. The objective of altering the diet is to facilitate the absorption of calcium from food and supplements. Considering the food intake objective, which food item should the nurse encourage the client to include in the diet?
Vitamin D-fortified milk The nurse should advise the client to include dietary sources of vitamin D, such as fatty fish, vitamin D-fortified milk, and cereals. These foods protect against bone loss and decrease the risk of fracture by facilitating the absorption of calcium from food and supplements. Red meat, bananas, and green vegetables do not facilitate calcium absorption from food and supplements.
The nurse is assisting a client with removing shoes prior to an examination and observes that the client has a flexion deformity of several toes on both feet of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. What can the nurse encourage the client to do?
Wear properly fitting shoes.
Involucrum
new bone growth around the sequestrum
When the client reports radiating pain down the leg, the client is describing
radiculopathy
Which of the following inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation?
calcitonin
When an infection is bloodborne, the manifestations include which symptom?
chills
A ganglion—
a collection of neurologic gelatinous material near the tendon sheaths and joints
Tinel's sign
a way to detect irritated nerves. It is performed by lightly tapping (percussing) over the nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or "pins and needles" in the distribution of the nerve.
Ganglion cysts form through
defects in the tendon sheath or joint capsule and occur most commonly in women younger than 50 years of age.
refers to dead bone in an abscess cavity
Sequestrum