Ch. 5

for bluetooth to work devices need to be within approximately __meters of each other, and the typical data transfer rate is around __ megabits per second

10, 2

Bluetooth signals operate in the ___ GHz frequency band.

2.45

WPA uses a___-bit key, where WEP used 64-bit and 128-bit keys

256

Super High Frequency (SHF)

3-30 GHz Satellite; wireless communication

Extremely Low Frequency (ELF)

3-30 HzUnderwater communication

High Frequency (HF)

3-30 MHz Shortwave radio

Very Low Frequency (VLF)

3-30 kHz For navigation alarms

Extremely High Frequency (EHF)

30-300 GHzRemote sensing; astronomy

Super Low Frequency (SLF)

30-300 HzAC power

Very High Frequency (VHF)

30-300 MHz FM radio

Low Frequency (LF)

30-300 kHz AM radio

Ultra-High Frequency (UHF)

300-3,000 MHz Television, mobile phones, GPS

Medium Frequency (MF)

300-3,000 kHz Aviation

WLAN protocols govern the way data is transmitted on the wireless network. The first protocol (from which all other protocols developed evolved) was the ____ standard.

802.11

the _____ standards define how these frequencies are used to carry more data faster

802.11

The 2nd developed was the _____ protocol. This is characterized by high speed, but it was vulnerable to obstructive object interference.

802.11a

The latest protocol developed is ____ which has dual-band wireless technology. It transmits signals in both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies and has backward compatibility with the earlier versions of 802.11b/g/n.

802.11ac

The _____ protocol was then designed after 802.11a with lower speed, wider coverage and decreased cost.

802.11b

______ was the first version of Wi-Fi. It transmits in the 2.4 GHz frequency and can handle data transfer rates of up to 11 megabits per second. This is the slowest and least expensive standard.

802.11b

With the _____ protocol, a combination of characteristics from 802.11a and 802.11b were employed. It is characterized by high bandwidth capacity and good signal range, but it is susceptible to household appliance interference and has a higher cost.

802.11g

The _____ protocol was an upgrade of 802.11g. It has high resistance to external interference, wider radio frequencies, and high bandwidth capabilities.

802.11n

Which of the following is NOT a standard Wi-Fi communications standard? 802.11n 802.11g 802.11x 802.11ac

802.11x

A hardware device that has a built-in network adapter, antenna and radio for Wi-Fi is a(n) _____. Hotspot Wireless card Access Point Wi-Fi zone

Access point

a group of metal conductors or elements, which are connected to a transmitter or receiver. These are important components of wireless equipment that convert the electrical current moving in metal conductors to electromagnetic waves or radio waves. x

Antennas At the transmitter end, the radio transmitter passes the electric current to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna transmits radio waves. At the receiver end, the antenna converts radio waves into the electric current at its terminals where the electrical signal is amplified.

In WANs, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mesh topology? Broadcasts are transmitted over a backbone which is accessible and seen by all connected sites Data transmissions are carried out via multiple routes All sites are connected to each other Implementation incurs high costs

Broadcasts are transmitted over a backbone which is accessible and seen by all connected sites

Infrared has been widely used for short-range wireless communications, in particular in the wavelength range from 1530-1565 micrometers, known as the _______

C-band

In WANs, what advantage does the ring topology have over the bus topology? It is hardware intensive and so implementation is expensive Concentration servers stabilize data transmission Data transmission is unidirectional Adding and removing nodes is easy

Data transmission is unidirectional

A single Wi-Fi Access Point can cover a geographic area as large as a(n) _____. Apartment building Metropolitan area House College campus

House

_____ is widely used in applications such as night vision devices and thermal imaging. Infrared essentially allows you to see heat, even when there is no visible light source.

Infrared

used for short-range communications like TV remote control

Infrared

electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths that are just beyond those of visible light. The human eye can see light in the wavelengths from approximately 390-700 nanometers.______ ______ has wavelengths from 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter. This corresponds to a frequency range of approximately 430 THz to 300 GHz.

Infrared Light

Which of the following best describes the connection tool for a new smartphone that can connect to Wi-Fi? Access Point Hotspot Wireless card Integrated Wi-Fi

Integrated Wi-Fi

f you want to have the absolute last say in who can get on your network, consider restricting access to only specific devices by using ___ address. A ___address, s a serial number for a particular Wi-Fi antenna. Only a device with a particular ___ address can gain access to the network

MAC media control access

mainly used for long-distance communication

Microwave

a very short-range communication technology for things like consumer electronics, mobile phones and credit cards. Devices have to be in very close proximity, typically a few centimeters. For example, if you have used your credit card to make a payment simply by holding it close to a payment terminal without actually inserting your card, you have used this. A number of different types of mobile phones also include the technology, making it possible to use your phone for electronic payments and other types of transactions without direct contact.

Near field communication, or NFC

The key difference between WPA2 and WPA2 Enterprise is that the latter uses a dedicated _____(Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) server to log users in. Having a dedicated central server ensures that only authorized users can connect. Most smaller businesses or homes wouldn't have a dedicated login server.

RADIUS

stands for radio frequency identification. And just as its name suggests, it uses radio signals to send out information.

RFID

Which topology does this describe? Network traffic can be routed in both directions. This makes this topology less vulnerable than the bus topology. If a line connection fails, traffic is rerouted in the opposite direction and communication is not lost.

Ring topology

The technology is named after the Danish King Harold Bluetooth who unified _________

Scandinavia

Signals travel from a few centimeters to several meters.

Short-Range wireless communication

these are examples fo? Shadowing Reflection Scattering Diffraction

Signal Degradation

In this topology the central hub is known as the concentration router, which ensures that transmission reaches the correct destinations at all times. A failure is a site connection that does not affect other parts of the network.

Star

The main advantage of the ___ topology is that adding and removing nodes is easy and the network is more robust, with the orientation preventing data collision between sites. The main disadvantages are that it requires more hardware and that the entire network's operation and efficiency depends entirely on the hub. If the hub fails for any reason the whole network goes down.

Star

With the ___ topology, the sites are arranged in a star formation. There is a central hub and each site is connected directly to the hub.

Star

t or f There are two types of RFID tags; passive ones and active ones

T

What security advantage does TKIP have over WEP? TKIP encrypts individual packets to a unique key. TKIP uses an antivirus. TKIP makes sure each user provides a password. TKIP makes sure each packet is received by an authorized user.

TKIP encrypts individual packets to a unique key.

Why should you use AES instead of TKIP? TKIP has been deprecated. TKIP uses smaller encryption keys. TKIP doesn't work on the iPhone. AES is faster than TKIP.

TKIP has been deprecated.

Despite the improvements in security, WPA turned out to have an Achilles' heel: it used the ___ ___ ___ Protocol. There were still a lot of Wi-Fi devices using WEP, and this protocol was designed to make it easy for them to move from WEP to WPA using firmware upgrades.

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol or TKIP.

T or F? Current wired connections are significantly faster than WEP

True Speed is restricted by the underlying specification 802.11 for WEP

a short-range communication technology that uses extremely short magnetic pulses. These pulses can carry about 10-50 meters and can support very high data transfer rates of several hundred megabits per second. ___ ______ also does not require a direct line of sight and can travel through walls. Despite its potential, the development of standards for it has been slow, and as a result, it is not widely adopted.

Ultra Wideband

What is a WAN topology? WAN topology describes the arrangement concentration routers monitoring the LANs WAN topology describes the arrangement by which components within the WAN are organized WAN topology describes a system by which the components within the WAN are named WAN topology describes the arrangement by which the mesh components within the WAN are distributed

WAN topology describes the arrangement by which components within the WAN are organized

___ is the oldest still in use, but it is also weak. Unless you are only using older devices, it is best to try something newer, like ____ for encrypting a network

WEP, WPA2 (Wireless Protected Access Version 2).

a Wi-Fi security standard that's intended to replace the older WEP, or Wired Equivalent Privacy. WEP was supposed to keep Wi-Fi networks secure but turned out to be very easy to exploit and break into, so it's been deprecated in favor of ___. ___ is very common; almost all Wi-Fi equipment made in the last decade supports it.

WPA or Wi-Fi Protected Access

Because of TKIP a new encryption standard was needed and ____ superseded the original WPA.The biggest difference is that it uses AES, or Advanced Encryption Standard

WPA2

a widely used type of medium-range wireless communication system. Medium-range in this case means that a typical thissignal can carry about 100 meters. This is much further than short-range wireless communication, such as Bluetooth, infrared, and Zigbee, which are limited to a few meters. On the other hand, this signal do not carry as far as cellular signals, which can carry several kilometers, or satellite signals, which can carry thousands of kilometers

Wi-Fi

____is typically used as a replacement for high speed cabling in local area networks and makes it possible for a mobile device to establish an Internet connection. ______ is more commonly used as a replacement for cables between different electronic devices to communicate with each other, establishing a personal area network.

WiFi, Bluetooth

The protocol describes the secure transmission of data through the air at 11Mbps, in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. This protocol is also known as 802.11 High Rate, or Wi-Fi.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

a wireless security protocol defined for local area networks (LAN). It is part of the 802.11b specification. 802.11b is an extension to the 802.11 standard defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1999

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

Which two protocols are NOT backward compatible?

Your Answer 802.11a Protocol 802.11b

The two main operational differences between the 802.11a protocol and the 802.11b protocol are:

Your Answer 802.11a protocol operates at 54Mbps within a 5GHz frequency range while 802.11b operates at 11Mbps within a 2.4GHz frequency range

The protocol with the highest bandwidth capability is _____:

Your Answer 802.11ac

The 802.11n Protocol makes use of _____ technology:

Your Answer Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO)

What are WLAN Protocols?

Your Answer WLAN Protocols are network protocols which govern data transmissions over wireless connectivity.

a wireless communication technology for short-range, low-power digital radio communications. Relative to WiFi and Bluetooth, _____ uses very little power and a low data transfer rate. While these may not sound like major advantages, it results in much lower costs and longer battery life.

Zigbee

Your current home wireless router is likely using the __ standard. This version provides both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz options and can support speeds up to 3.46 Gbps (giga-bits per second). That's almost 3.5 billion bits of data flying through your router each second! The 802.11 standard is also called Wi-Fi 5.

ac

The wireless network is created using wireless _____ ______ sometimes referred also to as WAPs. These consist of small hardware devices with a built-in network adapter, antenna, and radio transmitter

access points

a type of wireless communication used to transmit voice and data at high speeds using radio waves. It is a standard protocol for short-range radio communications between many different types of devices, including mobile phones, computers, entertainment systems and other electronics

bluetooth

___ _______ is characterized by the hard cabling (commonly called ''backbone'') in which the different sites on the network are connected by high capacity network cabling. In this orientation each site is connected in a line with the other sites via the backbone

bus topology

this router uses the 802.11n standard. Also called Wi-Fi 4, the n standard can support 5 GHz with transfer rates up to around 50 Mbps, just a bit slower than the ac standard

dual-band router

In a ____network, the transmitter and the receiver are fixed in one place. The data transmission happens over fiber optics or copper cables using fixed links.

fixed

Have you ever wondered how your television and mobile phone can work at the same time? Both receive signals via antenna in the form of electromagnetic waves but don't interfere with each other. The reason is that all wireless devices operate in their own _____ _____ within which they transmit and receive signals. For example, television broadcast operates between 54 and 216 MHz, FM radio operates between 87.5 and 108 MHz, and cell phones operate either between 824 and 894 MHz or 1,850 to 1,990 MHz.

frequency bands

a ____ is the area where one or more wireless access points can be used by the public to access the wireless network. You typically need to be within approximately 30 meters indoors and 100 meters outdoors of the physical location of an AP to be able to connect.

hotspot

The remote control uses an infrared ___ ____ _____ to emit infrared radiation that is focused into a narrow beam by a plastic lens. The information being transmitted, such as the number of the channel you want to watch, is encoded into the signal. The receiver converts the infrared radiation to an electric current and decodes the information.

light-emitting diode (LED)

optical signals that travel in a single direction

lightwave

In the ____ topology every device belonging to the network is connected to every other device in a mesh formation. This is quite different from the previous topologies where sites are connected to a maximum of two sites at a time.

mesh

The main advantages of the ____ topology are that it's very robust and less prone to wide-scale system failure, that troubleshooting is simple, and that there is an increased level of security and privacy. The disadvantages are that implementation and configuration are more complex than the other topologies and that its implementation incurs high costs.

mesh

With this topology, there are multiple routes by which data transmissions reach their destination. All sites are connected to each other and there are redundant paths for data transmission. This is a total ___ orientation.

mesh

_____ tags do not need to be powered and are read with a reader. Because the reader powers the tag, these have a read range of 25 meters, or 82 feet.____ tags have their own power source and are able to broadcast their own signals. These can broadcast up to 100 meters, or 328 feet.

passive, active

electromagnetic signals that can travel long distances

radio frequency

defined as the transmitted power output received by an antenna receiver after transmitting from a wireless device.

radio signal strength

. As the name suggests the ___ ______ orientation has sites arranged in a ring. This is very similar to the bus topology discussed earlier. The main difference being there are no sites at the end. Each site is connected to each other with the last and first sites connected completing the ring:

ring topology

what are these examples of? Bluetooth, infrared, near field communication, ultraband and Zigbee

short-range wireless communication

Wireless technology was created to eliminate cables, yet provide _____. most of the features additional features the same set of features a similar set of features

the same set of features

The main advantages of the ____topology include that this is a combination of star and bus topologies; that the extension of the network is simple, easily maintained, and robust; and, finally, that troubleshooting is simpler. The main disadvantage is that it's hardware intensive and so implementation is expensive. As the number of nodes increases, maintenance becomes complex and more expensive.

tiered

the _____topology entails the interconnection of clusters of star network WANs by the use of concentration routers. The ____ topology with close examination is a partial mesh and bus combination. Data transmission via concentration routers helps to boost the broadcast signal in the presence of so many nodes forming the network. Numerous redundant data transmission routes makes the system very robust.

tiered

In _________ communication, the information is transmitted through ______ equipment, which converts an electric current in metal conductors to electromagnetic waves

wireless

WPA2 is great for home and home office Wi-Fi routers due to its security features, but large organizations such as universities and corporations need a little extra. That's where ____ _____ comes in. As the name suggests, it's designed for use in enterprise organizations.

wpa2 enterprise