ch. 5 & 6 Houghton Mifflin The 13 Colonies
Toleration Act
1st law in North America to promise that all Christians could worship freely
How can a city's religious tolerance affect the growth and daily life of that city?
A city's religious tolerance brought more people because they could practice their own religion and this also made for more diversity.
Roger Williams
A dissenter who wanted more religious freedom; banished from Massachusetts and moved to Rhode Island.
How is a small farm different from a plantation?
A small farm is small in size and a plantation is a very large farm. (key words: slaves, family)
Education law in Massachusetts
Any town with 50 or more families had to build a school to teach reading and writing.
Who was Benjamin Franklin? What were three things that he did for Philadelphia?
Ben Franklin had a publishing company and printing press where he made newspapers. He was also an inventor. He built libraries, hospitals, and firehouses in Philadelphia.
Name some places of origin of the people who lived in Charles Town.
England, Scotland, Ireland, France
Why was it important for parents to have large families in the colonies?
Families were large because they needed their children to run the family farm.
What were the three New England industries that depended on the sea?
Fishing, whaling, ship building
Cecilius Calvert
Hoped to make Maryland a refuge for Catholics
Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield traveled around New England urging people to renew their faith; renewed interest in religion
how was Maryland formed?
King Charles I gave land to Cecilius Calvert also known as Lord Baltimore
How did the colony of Georgia form?
King George gave land to James Oglethorpe. Oglethorpe wanted to create a colony for debtors so they had a place to start over again.
Metacomet
Leader of the Wampanoag nation; wanted to avoid war, but believed his people had to fight to stay on their lands, also known as King Philip
what are the 13 colonies?
Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caroline, Georgia
Name the New England Colonies
Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island
Why was the formation of Maryland important?
Maryland was formed because it was a refuge for Catholics.
Name the Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
What kind of work did colonial men do? Women? Children (boys vs girls)?
Men: chopped wood, built houses, farming Women: cooking, sewing, cleaning the house Boys: bring in wood for fireplace, care for the animals, gather berries & vegetables, plow fields, plant crops, build & repair buildings Girls: weave cloth for clothing, preserve fruit & vegetables, cook food, make soap & candles, help with planting and harvesting
How did most people in the Middle Colonies earn a living?
Most people in the Middle Colonies earned a living by farming and making handmade furniture where they sold.
What are some of the major differences between homes in early New England and those in California today?
New England houses had a fire place and its a one room house with 1 to 2 windows. Current California homes are larger, there is central heat, and a lot of windows.
Compare and contrast the geographical features of the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.
New England: Cold climate, rocky landscape, short growing season Middle Colony: warm climate, good soil, long growing season, rolling hills. Southern: warm & humid climate, rich fertile soil, very long growing season, tidewaters
In what way did Penn contribute to self-government?
Penn created laws so the assembly could either approve or reject these laws.
Why did many plantations exist in Virginia?
People went to Virginia for gold, but because no gold was found, plantations were built because of its good soil and tide water. Rice and tobacco were 2 crops that were commonly planted.
What contribution did the geography of Philadelphia have on its growth as a center of trade?
Philadelphia had many good harbors near the junction of 2 rivers which made it easy for goods to be imported and exported. Also, Philadelphia had straight roads for travel making it easy access for many people and businesses.
What was used to seal and waterproof ships? Where did it come from?
Pitch was used to seal and waterproof ships. Pitch is the sap from a Pine tree.
Why did the Middle Colonies have a diverse population?
Proprietors believed in religious tolerance which brought many different people with different religions to the Middle Colonies.
Anne Hutchinson
She challenged church leaders and was banished from Massachusetts and moved to Rhode Island
Compare and contrast lives of children on small farms and on plantations.
Small farm: had to work, poor, if parents could read, they would teach their children how to read Plantations: wealthy, opportunities to learn a lot of different activities, educated by teachers, easy life.
Olaudah Equiano
Survived the Middle passage and wrote a book about the horrors of the Middle Passage.
Why were the Carolinas formed? When did they split into two separate colonies?
The Carolinas were formed to keep Spain and France out of the area. The Carolinas were split in 1729.
What factors set the New England, Middle, And Southern colonial areas apart from each other?
The Geography and the climate.
Explain what the conflict was between colonists and American Indians.
The Indians believed there land was for everyone to share, but the Colonists wanted the land for themselves.
Why did some Massachusetts Bay colonists, such as Roger Williams, form new colonies?
The Massachusetts Bay colonists like Roger Williams were banished because they were dissenters and so they formed their own colonies.
Why was the land in the Middle Colonies good for farming?
The Middle Colonies had good soil and a long growing season.
What new customs became part of the culture of enslaved Africans?
They sang spirituals, had close communities, and created the language, Gullah.
How did the Middle Colonies' proprietors hope to make money?
They wanted to make money by selling and/or renting their land.
What were the main cash crops of South Carolina & Georgia?
Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo.
Name the Middle Colonies
Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
What caused the Pequot War?
When the Pequots sold their land, they thought there were sharing it with the colonists. The Colonists thought once the land was sold, the Indians would move out of the land. These different views of ownership led to conflict.
Who was William Penn? Why was he important?
William Penn was a Quaker who found Pennsylvania.
What were New England's natural resources?
Wood, Fish, Whales
dissenter
a person who disagrees with his/her leader's religious beliefs.
laborer
a person who does hard physical work
artisan
a person who is skilled at making something by hand
proprietor
a person who owned and controlled all the land in a colony
debtor
a person who owns money
treaty
an official agreement between nations or groups
slave trade
business of buying and selling man beings
compare and contrast country life and city life in the Middle Colonies.
country: grew crops/sold crops/raised animals/ city: selling work by artisans/laborers did hard physical work/ merchants sold products
landscape (or geography) of Southern Colonies
flat land, tidewater, fertile soil
fall line
followed the eastern edge of the Appalachian Mountains from the Southern colonies to New England; at the Fall line, rivers from high land flow to lower lands and often form waterfalls.
banish
force someone to leave
town meeting
gathering where colonists held elections and voted on the laws for their towns
legislature
group of people with the power to make and change laws; called the House of Burgesses
plantation
large farm on which crops are raised by workers who live on the farm
free enterprise
people may start any business the they believe will succeed.
free market economy
people, not the government, decide what will be produced
cash crops in South Carolina and Georgia
rice and indigo
refuge
safe place
Eliza Lucas Pinckney
she developed a type of indigo that was easier to grow
representative
someone who is chosen to speak and act for others
apprentice
someone who studies with a master to learn a skill or business
industry
the businesses that make one kind of product or provide one kind of service
backcountry
the higher land on the other side of the fall line; "in back of" the area where most colonists settled.
cash crop in Virginia and Maryland
tobacco
landscape (or geography) of the Middle Colonies
valleys, rolling hills, fertile soil
Middle Passage
voyage from Africa to the West Indies
Thomas Hooker
wanted to form a new community where all men could vote, even if they were not church members; founded the town of Hartford.
self-government
when people make laws for themselves
what are the New England resources?
wood, fish, whales
