CH 5 Quiz Questions

Generally speaking, from which of the following foods are complete proteins derived? Milk, gelatin, and soy Rice, potatoes, and eggs Meats, fish, and poultry Vegetables, grains, and fruits

Meats, fish, and poultry

Research supports the idea that vegetarians may actually be healthier than meat eaters. True/False

True

All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. a. True b. False

a. True

Body cells can make proteins and either retain them or release them into body compartments such as the intravascular spaces in order to help control the movement and distribution of water. a. True b. False

a. True

Body proteins are constantly being dismantled, and their components are often recycled to synthesize other proteins. a. True b. False

a. True

Kwashiorkor and marasmus are two clinical expressions of severe acute malnutrition in children. a. True b. False

a. True

Proteins called enzymes help to assemble or disassemble other proteins in the body. a. True b. False

a. True

Soybeans and soy products are considered high-quality protein sources. a. True b. False

a. True

Vitamin B12-fortified foods or supplements are necessary for those following a vegan diet. a. True b. False

a. True

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid. a. True b. False

a. True essential amino acids amino acids that the body cannot synthesize in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs. Nine amino acids are known to be essential for human adults: histidine (HISS-tuh-deen) isoleucine (eye-so-LOO-seen) leucine (LOO-seen) lysine (LYE-seen) methionine (meh-THIGH-oh-neen) phenylalanine (fen-il-AL-uh-neen) threonine (THREE-oh-neen) tryptophan (TRIP-toe-fane, TRIP-toe-fan) valine (VAY-leen)

In the common cold, viruses are recognized by the body as foreign ____, and triggers the body to make ____ in an effort to eradicate the virus from the body. a. antigens; antibodies b. antibodies; hormones c. hormones; antibodies d. antibodies; antigens e. antigens; hormones

a. antigens; antibodies

When there is a lack of protein in the interstitial spaces, fluid in the interstitial space remains there, resulting in _____. a. edema b. osmosis c. acidosis d. alkalosis e. kidney failure

a. edema

The absence of which nutrient will prevent protein from efficiently being used to promote growth? a. energy b. calcium c. vitamin D d. biotin e. magnesium

a. energy

In the stomach, proteins are split into smaller peptides by _____. a. pepsin and HCl b. pancreatic and intestinal proteases c. intestinal tripeptidases and dipeptidases d. pepsin and intestinal dipeptidases e. pancreatic dipeptidases

a. pepsin and HCL

The part of an amino acid's structure that makes it different from all the others is its _____. a. side group b. "backbone" c. acid group d. electrical charge e. amino group

a. side group The side groups are what make each amino acid different from the others. Of the 20 side groups used to make proteins, there are two main groups: polar and non-polar. These names refer to the way the side groups, sometimes called "R" groups, interact with the environment.

The balance of which two minerals is critical to nerve transmission? a. sodium and potassium b. potassium and magnesium c. magnesium and iodine d. iodine and sodium e. magnesium and sodium

a. sodium and potassium

Not all amino acids have to be supplied by food. This is true because: a. the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from others b. hormones furnish the missing amino acids c. the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from fatty acids d. the human body does not require all amino acids e. not all necessary amino acids are found in food

a. the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from others

What is the most likely outcome when adding protein supplements to one's diet? a. weight gain b. weight loss c. increased appetite d. increased sleep quality e. decreased pain

a. weight gain

The basic building blocks for protein are: side groups. amino acids. glucose units. saturated bonds.

amino acids.

Major proteins in the blood that protect against bacteria and other disease agents are called: acids. buffers. antigens. antibodies.

antibodies.

Which person would be at greatest risk for negative nitrogen balance? a. A young woman consuming 25% of total kcalories as protein b. A young man in the hospital for a severe burn injury c. A women who is breastfeeding her newborn infant d. A normal-weight lacto-vegetarian child e. A body-builder who is preparing for a competition

b. A young man in the hospital for a severe burn injury

A vegan diet includes eggs. a. True b. False

b. False

If a cell lacks an amino acid it needs to make a protein, it will construct part of the protein and set it aside until it receives the amino acid required to complete it. a. True b. False

b. False

The body proteins that have been incorporated into muscle tissue are not available for use as fuel when the body faces starvation. a. True b. False

b. False

Buffers are very large protein molecules that capture and release hydrogen atoms in order to damage bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that invade the body. a. True b. False

b. False By accepting and releasing hydrogen ions, proteins act as buffers, maintaining the acid-base balance of the blood and body fluids.

Proteins are the building blocks of amino acids. a. True b. False

b. False Proteins are chemical compounds that contain the same atoms as carbohydrates and lipids—carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)—but proteins are different in that they also contain nitrogen (N) atoms. These nitrogen atoms give the name amino (nitrogen containing) to the amino acids that form the links in the chains we call proteins.

The body absorbs the proteins from foods and then incorporates these proteins directly into its own cells and tissues. a. True b. False

b. False Proteins in foods do not become body proteins directly. Instead, foods supply the amino acids from which the body makes its own proteins. When a person eats foods containing protein, enzymes break the long polypeptides into tripeptides and dipeptides and, finally, the tripeptides and dipeptides into amino acids.

Severe acute malnutrition in children can be quickly remedied through administration of supplemental foods, whereas chronic malnutrition requires hospitalization for intensive nursing care. a. True b. False

b. False both usually require hospitalization for intensive nursing care

Which two foods would be considered complementary proteins? a. beans and steak b. beans and barley c. barley and steak d. steak and tuna e. tuna and barley

b. beans and barley Eating 2 or more incomplete proteins together forms a complementary protein - a protein that then contains all the essential amino acids required by our bodies in sufficient amounts. Lentils or legumes with grains, nuts/seeds or dairy Grain foods with dairy products Dairy with nuts and/or seeds

Which three minerals would you routinely check in vegetarian patients to ensure that they have consumed enough of these vital nutrients? a. calcium, iron and magnesium b. calcium, iron and zinc c. calcium, zinc, and magnesium d. iron, magnesium, and phosphorus e. iron, zinc, and phosphorus

b. calcium, iron and zinc

For a protein to be of high quality, it must _____. a. contain all of the essential and nonessential amino acids b. contain enough of all of the essential amino acids c. come from an animal-derived food d. come from a plant-derived food e. have both an plant and animal-derived source

b. contain enough of all of the essential amino acids

The process by which proteins lose their three-dimensional, functional structure is called ____. a. acidification b. denaturation c. polymerization d. translation e. wasting

b. denaturation

Giant protein molecules called antibodies act to _____. a. promote antigen production b. destroy specific antigens c. maintain integrity of the blood clotting system d. keep enzymes from attacking cells of the body e. restore acid-base balance

b. destroy specific antigens

The most severe form of severe acute malnutrition, characterized by small upper arm circumference, is called ____. a. chronic malnutrition b. marasmus c. edema d. kwashiorkor e. stunting

b. marasmus

Which fruit or fruit product can be used to supplement iron in vegetarians? a. applesauce b. raisins c. orange juice d. apples e. bananas

b. raisins Raisins, along with most dehydrated fruits, are high in iron.

In general, proteins are absorbed into the body in the ____. a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestines d. large intestines e. liver

c. small intestines

Which vitamin only occurs in animal derived foods, and therefore must be supplemented in vegan diets? a. vitamin A b. vitamin B6 c. vitamin B12 d. vitamin E e. vitamin K

c. vitamin B12

A high-protein diet can result in _____. a. development of SAM b. bone disease c. worsening of existing kidney disease d. wasting and edema e. stunting

c. worsening of existing kidney disease

What is the recommended protein intake for a healthy adult with an ideal weight of 52.3 kg? a. 12 g b. 16 g c. 31 g d. 42 g e. 52 g

d. 42 g 52.3 x 0.8 =. 41.84

What health concern would you be most vigilant about in a vegan patient? a. high cholesterol b. cardiovascular disease c. obesity d. diabetes e. stunting

e. stunting

Which amino acid listed is an essential amino acid? a. alanine b. cysteine c. glycine d. proline e. tryptophan

e. tryptophan

Which patient is most likely to have a negative nitrogen status? a. healthy infant b. teenage athlete c. pregnant teenager d. pregnant woman e. woman with anorexia

e. woman with anorexia

The swelling of body tissue caused by the leakage of fluid from the blood vessels into the interstitial spaces is called: edema. anemia. acidosis. sickle-cell anemia.

edema.

An incomplete protein lacks one or more: hydrogen bonds. essential fatty acids. dispensable amino acids. essential amino acids.

essential amino acids.

Enzymes are proteins that, among other things: defend the body against disease. regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. facilitate chemical reactions by changing themselves. help assemble disaccharides into starch, cellulose, or glycogen.

help assemble disaccharides into starch, cellulose, or glycogen.

An essential amino acid found in the shortest supply relative to the amounts needed for protein synthesis in the body is which type of amino acid?

limiting

The RDA for protein for a healthy adult is gram(s) per kilogram of appropriate body weight for height. 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.4

0.8

What specifically determines the shape of a protein? a. the chaperone proteins that fold the peptide chain b. the amino acid sequence of the peptide chain c. the DNA sequence that codes for the protein d. the type of cell the protein is made in e. the function the protein is designed to perform

b. the amino acid sequence of the peptide chain

The calculated protein RDA for a healthy adult weighing 160 pounds would be _____. a. 16 grams b. 56 grams c. 58 grams d. 72 grams e. 80 grams

c. 58 grams 160lbs/2.2= 72.727kg x 0.8= 58g

If the body has synthesized more protein than it degrades, which statement is accurate? a. Nitrogen status is negative. b. Nitrogen status is in equilibrium. c. Nitrogen status is positive. d. An injury or infection has been sustained. e. Muscle is being broken down.

c. Nitrogen status is positive.

Which patient would you most suspect of having a protein deficiency? a. a 5 year old girl with constipation b. a 35 year old male who has been vomiting for two days c. a 75 year old female with impaired kidney functions d. a 3 year old boy with pain while peeing e. a 45 year old female experiencing hot flashes

c. a 75 year old female with impaired kidney functions

An example of complementary proteins would be _____. a. apples and walnuts b. milk and meat c. beans and rice d. bacon and eggs e. oatmeal and milk

c. beans and rice

What is one known negative consequence of amino acid supplements? a. weight loss b. constipation c. diarrhea d. weight gain e. mood swings

c. diarrhea

Changing the shape of a protein causes which of the following to change in the protein? a. nutritional value b. nitrogen balance c. function d. electrical charge e. size

c. function

Chemical messenger molecules comprised of protein are called ____. a. enzymes b. antigens c. hormones d. immunoglobulins e. steroids

c. hormones

Amino acids are bonded together as such: Alanine-Valine-Glycine-Valine-Arginine-Glycine-Cytosine. This structure is called _____. a. amino acid chain b. dipeptide c. oligopeptide d. polypeptide e. tripeptide

c. oligopeptide The term oligopeptide is used to refer to a peptide with fewer members of amino acids as opposed to a polypeptide, which is a peptide comprised of several amino acid residues. The exact size range is a matter of opinion but oligopeptides described are typically comprised of about two to forty amino acid residues.

What is one of the greatest influences on vitamin D levels in a patient? a. age b. sex c. race d. height e. weight

c. race Race was identified as a significant risk factor, with African-American adults having the highest prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency (82.1%, 95% CI, 76.5%-86.5%) followed by Hispanic adults (62.9%; 95% CI, 53.2%-71.7%) [3]. The body produces vitamin D in response to sun exposure

Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid. What does this mean? a. Tyrosine is not needed or used by the body's cells. b. Tyrosine must be regularly consumed or a deficiency will develop. c. Consuming tyrosine is hazardous to health. d. The body can synthesize tyrosine from another amino acid. e. Tyrosine is made from valine.

d. The body can synthesize tyrosine from another amino acid.

How do proteins regulate the pH of blood and body fluids? a. by acting as antibodies b. by acting as acids c. by acting as bases d. by acting as buffers e. by acting as transporters

d. by acting as buffers

What two factors determine whether a protein is considered a high-quality protein? a. co-consumed foods and freshness of meat b. freshness of meat and amino acid composition c. co-consumed foods and digestibility d. digestibility and amino acid composition e. amino acid composition and co-consumed foods

d. digestibility and amino acid composition

Adequate intake of which two minerals pose the greatest concern for all vegetarians, and not just vegans? a. iron and calcium b. zinc and calcium c. vitamin D and iron d. iron and zinc e. vitamin D and calcium

d. iron and zinc

A less common form of severe acute malnutrition called ____ is characterized by edema, which masks the loss of lean tissue. a. chronic malnutrition b. marasmus c. edema d. kwashiorkor e. stunting

d. kwashiorkor

The process by which proteins are continually being made and broken down is called ____. a. the amino acid cycle b. nitrogen balance c. protein synthesis d. protein turnover e. transcription and translation

d. protein turnover

What food can provide essential omega-3 fatty acids to a vegan diet? a. spinach b. avocado c. oatmeal d. walnuts e. yogurt

d. walnuts

A function of protein is to help maintain fluid distribution within the body by _____. a. diffusing through the membranes that separate compartments b. raising arterial pressure c. transporting water to cells that require it d. secreting hormones in response to the altered conditions e. attracting water into compartments where it is needed

e. attracting water into compartments where it is needed

The shape of a hemoglobin molecule can best be described as _____. a. hollow ball b. stiff, sturdy, and rod-like c. ribbon-like d. circular e. globular

e. globular

When amino acids are metabolized for energy, what is the most likely fate of the amine group? a. it is converted into ATP b. it is converted into glucose c. it is converted into glycogen d. it is converted into fat e. it is converted into urea

e. it is converted into urea

Dietary protein will not be used efficiently and will not support growth if ________ are inadequate. a. vegetables b. plant-based proteins c. essential fatty acids d. dairy foods e. kcalories

e. kcalories

Your client, Annie, follows a diet that includes eggs, but excludes meat, poultry, seafood, and milk products. Which term would best describe Annie? a. lacto-ovo vegetarian b. lacto- vegetarian c. macrobiotic vegetarian d. vegan e. ovo-vegetarian

e. ovo-vegetarian

In patients with chronic malnutrition, you would expect to see ____. a. rapid weight loss b. wasting c. edema d. marasmus e. stunting

e. stunting

The protein requirement of a child as compared to an adult is:

much lower

Proteins are chemically different from carbohydrates and fats because they also contain: iron. sodium. nitrogen. phosphorus.

nitrogen.

Functions of proteins in the body include: supplying omega-3 fatty acids for growth, lowering serum cholesterol, and helping with weight control. supplying fiber to aid digestion, digesting cellulose, and providing the main fuel source for muscles. protecting organs against shock, helping the body use carbohydrate efficiently, and providing triglycerides. serving as structural components, supplying hormones to regulate body processes, and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

serving as structural components, supplying hormones to regulate body processes, and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

Marasmus can be distinguished from kwashiorkor because in marasmus: only adults are victims. the cause is usually an infection. severe wasting of body fat and muscle are evident. the limbs, face, and belly swell with edema.

severe wasting of body fat and muscle are evident.