Ch. 5 Review

Why did the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 become one of the most significant pieces of legislation in American history?

It established an independent agency that started using monetary policy to manage the country's economy.

Identify a true statement about the the Revenue Act of 1913. Multiple choice question.

It reduced the average tariff on imported goods to about 30 percent of their value and provided for levying a federal graduated income tax.

Identify a true statement about progressivism.

It was a collection of various activities and ideas.

The first federal law regulating child labor in the United States, which was signed by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, was the ______. Multiple choice question.

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

During his terms of office as president, Woodrow Wilson used his executive power by crafting reforms that affected ______. Multiple choice question.

workers' rights, tariffs, the banking system, and trusts

In 1904, the Supreme Court ruled in Northern Securities v. United States that J.P. Morgan's firm had violated the ______.

Sherman Antitrust Act

The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 corrected deficiencies in the ______ of 1890.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Some progressives in the United States held that the government should break up large companies to restore competition, which led to the passage of

Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890

Identify the progressive candidates who ran against one another in the 1912 presidential election.

Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson

Which listed individuals were featured in the 1912 presidential campaign? (Check all that apply.)

- A current president - A former president - An academic who had entered politics only two years earlier

Identify the achievements of William Howard Taft. Multiple select question.

- Establishing of the Children's Bureau - Setting up of the Bureau of Mines

Identify the progressive reforms initiated by Woodrow Wilson in New Jersey while he was the governor of the state.

- He introduced the direct primary. - He set up utility regulatory boards. - He permitted cities to adopt the commissioner form of government.

1. Initiative 2. Referendum 3. Recall

1. Citizens have to collect a specified number of signatures on a petition to make this reform legally binding. 2. Existing laws can be repealed using this reform. 3. Local officials are frequently subjected to this reform.

Arrange the events that led to the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment by the states in 1913 in the order of their occurrence, starting with the earliest.

1. Congress imposed income taxes on prosperous Americans 2. The Supreme Court struck down the income tax law 3. Progressives began demanding a Constitutional amendment that would permit the federal government to tax all sources of income 4. The sixteenth Amendment allowing for taxes on income was ratified by the states

1. National Woman's Party (NWP) 2. National American Woman Suffrage Association

1. Focused on non-violent protest to promote women's right to participate in the democratic process 2. Organized the suffrage movement for one final nationwide push for suffrage, as more states had granted women the right to vote

1. National Woman Suffrage Association 2. American Woman Suffrage Association

1. Focused on passing a constitutional amendment supporting women's right to vote 2. Believed that first convincing state governments to grant women the right to vote was the best strategy

1. The Adamson Act 2. The Federal Farm Loan Act

1. Instituted the eight-hour workday for railroad workers 2. Helped farmers obtain low-interest loans

1. The Meat Inspection Act 2. The Pure Food and Drug Act

1. It charged the Agriculture Department with the responsibility of setting requirements of cleanliness in meatpacking plants. 2. It prohibited falsely labeled food and drugs from being manufactured, sold, or shipped.

1. The Interstate Commerce Commission 2. The Department of Commerce and Labor

1. It could set rates through the Hepburn Act. 2. It could supervise business.

1. Direct taxes 2. Indirect taxes

1. Property taxes 2. Sales and excise taxes

1. International affairs 2. Domestic affairs

1. Social Darwinism 2. Progressivism

1. The progressives 2. The conservative Republicans

1. Wanted the reduction of tariffs 2. Favored the maintenance of high tariffs

Identify a true statement about the Progressive Era in the United States.

Americans expected the government to be more active in regulating the economy and addressing social issues.

The Progressive Party, which was newly formed during the presidential election of 1912, became known as the ______.

Bull Moose Party

Identify a similarity between the commission plan and the council manager system for reforming city government. Multiple choice question.

Experts had a major role in the management of a city.

In 1912, for the first time since Grover Cleveland's election in 1892, a Republican was elected president of the United States. True false question.

False

True or false: Progressives condemned government corruption and agreed on a common solution to fix the problem.

False

Congress established the ______ in 1914, at Woodrow Wilson's request, in order to monitor American business. Multiple choice question.

Federal Trade Commission

In 1890 the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association united to form the ______.

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Theodore Roosevelt's approach to reform during the 1912 presidential election was known as the ______.

New Nationalism

Theodore Roosevelt's reform programs came to be known as the

Square Deal

______ refers to the right to vote.

Suffrage

President Roosevelt believed that the ideal person to continue his policies was ______, his secretary of war.

William Howard Taft

W.E.B. Du Bois and other African American leaders who were part of the Niagara Movement stressed that ______ were essential for ending lynching and racial discrimination.

voting rights

The most obvious limit to progressivism was its inability to ______. Multiple choice question.

address religious and racial discrimination

Many progressives argued that income taxes ______.

were the best means of funding the federal government

President Roosevelt agreed with people who objected to trust-busting; both argued that ______.

companies formed trusts because it reduced incidents of labor unrest and strikes

As a progressive, President Roosevelt believed that the United States had to be a world power--militarily and economically. But he also distrusted large concentrations of power, so he proposed to ______. Multiple choice question.

create a federal agency to probe corporations and make the findings public

The first _____ were passed after progressive and union leaders pressured the government to help protect and support those who had been injured on the job.

workers' compensation laws

By intervening in the dispute between the United Mine Workers (UMW) and mine owners in 1902, President Roosevelt took the first step toward ______.

establishing the federal government as an honest negotiator between powerful groups in society

When Theodore Roosevelt realized that William Howard Taft's delegates controlled the Republican nomination during the 1912 presidential election, he decided to ______.

exit from the Republican party and campaign as an independent

Lobbyists often promise to ______.

finance legislators when they run for reelection in exchange for their support

Deals such as the "gentlemen's agreement" between the Department of Commerce and Labor and U.S. Steel gave President Roosevelt the ability to regulate big business without ______. Multiple choice question.

forgoing economic efficiency by breaking up trusts

Progressives concluded that ______. Multiple choice question.

government could not fix other problems until it was fixed itself

An income tax that places a higher percentage burden on wealthy people than on poor people can be described as a(n) ______ tax.

graduated

President Roosevelt may be best remembered for his endeavors in the field of environmental conservation because ______.

his emphasis on this area preserved and protected America's natural environment for future generations to enjoy

The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 stated that ______. Multiple choice question.

labor organizations or agricultural organizations were not covered by its provisions

Progressivism was partly a reaction against ______ economic systems and their emphasis on an unregulated market economy.

laissez-faire

The unhealthy and dangerous conditions children faced working in ________ and __________ as reported by muckraking writers, helped lead the prohibition on child labor.

mines and factories

One of the groups of progressives in the United States focused on making government ______.

more democratic **and responsive to citizens

A group of crusading journalists who were among the first people to articulate progressive ideas and who investigated social conditions and political corruption were nicknamed

muckrakers

Unfair trade practices are trading practices that ______.

obtain a gain at the expense of competition

The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution, which called for the direct election of senators by voters, removed ______. Multiple choice question.

one of the state legislatures' checks on federal power

Some progressives in the United States advocated socialist ideas, which state that the government should ______. Multiple choice question.

own and operate industry for the community

Social-welfare progressives focused on working-class women's issues, including ______.

poverty, safety, and abuse

The American temperance movement pressed for ______.

prohibition

To gain influence with legislators, suffrage leaders in the United States ______.

raised funds for leaders who supported suffrage

During the Northern Securities case, it was agreed that the Constitution gives the government power to ______.

regulate interstate commerce

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) worked to ______.

remove negative depictions of Jews in print, on stage, and in movies

The purpose of the Hepburn Act was to ______.

strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

During the Progressive Era, the ______ movement emerged due to growing concerns of physical abuse, illness, poverty, and abandonment caused by alcohol abuse.

temperance

While Theodore Roosevelt thought that trusts were part of the reason for the United States' prosperity, he also thought that ______.

the monopoly power of some trusts was against the public interest

o conserve the U.S. forests, President Roosevelt supported the prudent management of the ______ resources of the West.

timber

In 1902 President Roosevelt backed passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act, which authorized the ______.

use of federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation projects