Ch. 5 Review Questions

Which of the following is true about social tuning? a. People decide consciously about whether to agree with someone else's attitudes b. People will adopt someone else's attitudes only if they largely agree with that position to start with c. People are especially likely to adopt someone else's attitudes when they want to get along with that person d. Members of Western cultures are more likely to engage in social tuning than members of East Asian cultures

c.

Which of the following statements is least true, according to research on self-knowledge? a. The best way to "know thyself" is to look inward, introspecting about ourselves b. Sometimes the best way to know ourselves is to see what we do c. We often try to figure out ourselves by comparing ourselves to others d. One way we know ourselves is by suing theories we learn from our culture

a.

Amanda is at a team picnic with her coach and fellow soccer players. Which of the following is the best example of ingratiation? a. Amanda tells her coach that the quinoa salad he made was delicious, even though she thinks it tasted like dirt b. Amanda tells her coach that he might want to consider taking cooking lessons c. Amanda tells the 10-year-old brother of one of her teammates that she likes his sneakers, which she thinks look great d. The coach tells Amanda that she is a good player but should keep practicing to improve her skills

a.

Catherine did very well on her math test. Which of the following statements should her mother tell her to increase the chances that Catherine will not give up on math if it later becomes more difficult for her? a. "You really worked hard for this test, and your hard work paid off!" b. "You are such a smart kid, you excel in everything you do!" c. "You are so good in math, you obviously have a gift for this!" d. "I'm so glad to see you are doing better than all your classmates!"

a.

On Halloween, you decide to do an experiment. When the trick-or-treaters arrive at your house, you have them stand in a line on your front porch. You stay outside with the group and let each child enter your house individually. You tell them they can take one piece of candy from the bowl that is sitting on a table. Half of the time you put the candy bowl in front of a big mirror. The other half of the time there is no mirror present. All of the children may be tempted to take more than one piece of candy, Which children will be least likely to give in to the temptation? a. Those in the mirror condition b. Those who are between 7 and 9 years old c. Those in the no-mirror condition d. Those who experience downward social comparison

a.

Tarek needs to do his laundry but has been very busy. Under which of the following conditions is he most likely to do his laundry in the next few days? a. He says to himself, "I'll do my laundry at 7:00 P.M. tomorrow, and if my roommate says we should play video games then, I'll ask him if we can do it later." b. He vows to do it at some point the nest day c. He vows to do it at some point in the next 2 days d. He vows not to think about video games the next day so that he doesn't spend time doing that instead of doing his laundry

a.

When people focus attention on themselves, they a. evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values b. are less likely to drink alcohol or engage in binge eating c. are less likely to follow their moral standards d. almost always like what they see about themselves

a.

When thinking about other people, which of the following will we see as most central to their self-concept? a. Their morals b. Their preferences and attitudes c. Their physical attributes d. Their memories

a.

Which is the best definition of an interdependent view of the self? a. Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other people b. Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions c. Someone who enjoys activities such as dancing and team sports d. Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and writing poetry

a.

Ben is worried that he will do poorly on his psychology test. Which of the following is the best example of behavioral self-handicapping? a. He spends a couple of extra hours studying, and right before the test, he tells his friends that he studied really hard b. Instead of studying the night before, he stays up late watching movies on his computer. Right before the test, he tells his friends that he saw some great movies instead of studying c. He spends a couple of extra hours studying. Then, right before the test, he tells his friends that he isn't feeling very well. d. Right before the test, Ben tells the professor that her class is the best one he's ever taken

b.

One afternoon at work Rachel has a meeting with her boss, who is wearing the silliest-looking outfit Rachel has ever seen. Rachel is tempted to laugh and make fun of her boss, but she knows this would be a bad idea. Under which of the following conditions would Rachel be most likely to resist the temptation to make fun of her boss? a. Rachel spent all morning writing a difficult report and believed that willpower is a limited resource b. Rachel spent all morning writing a difficult report, but she believes that willpower is an unlimited resource and that she thus has a lot of it c. Rachel says to herself over and over, "Don't think about the boss's outfit." d. She says to herself, "Remember that the most important thing is to not insult my boss."

b.

Suppose you are a parent and want your children to do well in school. Which of the following is likely to work the best:? a. Tell them they were born with a lot of academic talent b. Tell them that academic ability is something that they can cultivate and grow if they work hard c. When they are young, give them money for every book they read d. Tell them that intelligence is inherited and that their is a lot of it in your family

b.

Which is the best definition of an independent view of the self? a. Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other people b. Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions c. Someone who enjoys activities such as dancing and team sports d. Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and writing poetry

b.

Which of the following statements best illustrates self-perception theory? a. "I might not know why, but I know what I like" b. "I often don't know what I like until I see what I do" c. "I like classical music because my wide is always playing it" d. "I get a warm feeling inside when I listen to my favorite songs"

b.

Your friend Jane is interning at a law firm. When you ask her how it's going, she says, "I'm feeling good about it because I'm doing much better than the intern who started a month after me." What kind of social comparison is Jane making? a. Upward social comparison b. Downward social comparison c. Impression comparison d. Self-knowledge comparison

b.

Your little sister enjoys taking time out of her day to make bead necklaces. A birthday party is coming up, and you decide you want to give a necklace to each person at the party. She offers to make a necklace for each of your friends, but for added motivation you give her a dollar for each one she makes. Which of the following is most likely to happen? a. After the party, your sister will enjoy making beads more than she did because you gave her a reward b. After the party, your sister will enjoy making beads less than she did before because you rewarded her for something she already liked to do c. Because your sister already enjoys making beads, paying her for making them will have no effect on how much she enjoys the activity d. Paying your sister will increase her self-awareness

b.

Ben is worried that he will do poorly on his psychology test. Which of the following is the best example of reported self-handicapping? a. He spends a couple of extra hours studying, and right before the test, he tells his friends that he studied really hard b. Instead of studying the night before, he stays up late watching movies on his computer. Right before the test, he tells his friends that he saw some great movies instead of studying c. He spends a couple of extra hours studying. Then, right before the test, he tells his friends that he isn't feeling very well d. Right before the test, Ben tells the professor that her class is the best one he's ever taken

c.

In which state are people most likely to have an interdependent sense of self? a. Massachusetts b. Connecticut c. Oklahoma d. Alabama

c.

Which of the following is least likely to pass the "mirror" test suggesting they have at lest a rudimentary self-concept? a. An orangutan b. A chimpanzee c. A 12-month-old human infant d. A 3-year-old human child

c.

Which of the following is most true about self-handicapping? a. People who self-handicap tend to try harder at a task b. Women are more likely to engage in reported self-handicapping than are men c. Women are more critical of people who self-handicap than are men and are less likely to engage in behavioral self-handicapping than are men d. East Asians are more likely to engage in behavioral self-handicapping than are westerners

c.

Eduardo is tempted to eat some of his roommate's cookies, even though his roommate told him not to. Under which of the following conditions would Eduardo be most likely to resist the temptation to eat the cookies? a. It's the afternoon, and Eduardo has had a busy morning b. Eduardo believes that willpower is a fixed resource and that people have a limited amount of it c. Eduardo went to the gym that morning and had a good workout d. Eduardo puts the cookies in a cupboard so he doesn't have to look at them

d.

Elise wants to increase her ability at self-control, such as by spending more time studying. Which of the following is most likely to work? a. When she is studying, she should try to suppress thoughts about the party she could have gone to b. Just before it is time for her to study, she should do something that requires a lot of concentration, such as a difficult puzzle c. She should eat a small, sugary snack before studying d. She should adopt the belief that willpower is an unlimited resource

d.

Mariana is a sophomore in high school who is trying out for the varsity softball team. To get an accurate assessment of her softball abilities, she should compare her abilities to: a. a senior who was the best player on the team last year b. a sophomore who has less experience playing softball than Mariana has c. the coach of the team d. a sophomore who has about the same amount of experience playing softball as Mariana has

d.

Suppose that your friend Meghan says, "If I get less than 8 hours of sleep, I'm in a terrible mood the next day." Based on research in social psychology, what is the best conclusion about her statement? a. She is probably right because people generally know why they feel the way they do b. She is probably wrong because people rarely know why they feel the way they do c. She is likely to be right only if she first made a list of all the reasons why she is in a good mood or bad mood on a typical day d. Her statement is probably based on a causal theory that may or may not be true

d.

Under which of the following conditions is Khalid most likely to feel the romantic attraction toward Heather? a. Khalid isn't sure whether he wants to go out with Heather, so he spends time introspecting about why he feels the way he does about her b. Khalid isn't sure whether he wants to go out with Heather, but he agrees to do so after Heather's roommate days she will help him with his calculus homework if he does c. Khalid and Heather go for a long run together. After a couple of hours, when they are well-rested, Heather gives Khalid a hug and tells him that she really likes him d. Khalid and Heather nearly get into a serious car accident, and both are terrified. Then Heather gives Khalid a hug and tells him that she really likes him

d.

Which of the following is most true? a. Every member of a Western culture has an independent view of the self, and every member of an Asian culture has an interdependent view of the self b. Members of Western cultures are more likely to have an interdependent sense of self than are members of Asian cultures c. People with independent selves can easily appreciate what it is like to have an interdependent self d. People who live in parts of the United States and Canada that were settled by Europeans more recently have more of an independent sense of self than people who live in parts of those countries that were settled earlier

d.

Which of the following is not a function of the self? a. Self-knowledge b. Self-control c. Impression management d. Self-criticism

d.