Ch. 6

___ glands are also called sweat glands.

Sudoriferous

vasodilate

Widening of arterial blood vessels

The net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is shunting of blood ____ from the periphery of the body to ___ heat.

away, conserve

in thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum ______, Stratum ______, and stratum ______.

basale, spinosum, granulosum

In the second step of wound healing, a ___ forms.

blood clot

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ____ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

blood vessels

____ hemangiomas or 'strawberry-colored birthmarks,' appear in the skin as bright red to deep purple nodules that usually disappear in childhood.

capillary

Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ___ when exposed to UV rafiation.

cholecalciferol (vitamin d3)

In the first step of wound healing, blood brings ___ proteins, numerous white blood cells, and antibodies to the site.

clotting

The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is _____.

collagen

Lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin identify the predominant orientation of ____ fiber bundles in the ____.

collagen, dermis

In the dermis of the skin, ___ fibers impart tensile strength, while ___ fibers allow some stretch.

collagen, elastic

The dermis is ____ to the epidermis and contains primarily ____.

deep, collagen fibers

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ___________ cells which help fight infection.

dendritic

The ____ contain(s) the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis.

dermal papillae

Nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ____ and ____.

dermis, epidermis

The dermis of the skin has an extensive innervation, which refers to the _____.

distribution of nerve fibers

Third degree burns involve the ___, dermis, and _____ layer.

epidermis, subcutaneous

Potential complications of a wound under repair include ______ and _____.

fluid loss, infection

The vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called ___.

granulation tissue

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum _____, the process of keratinization begins.

granulosum

Normal skin color results from a combination of colors of ____, melanin, and carotene.

hemoglobin

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ____ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

within the stratum granulosum begins a process called ________

keratinization

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of _____ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain _____ keratinocytes.

living, dead

vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

During the process of keratinization, the cell's ____ and organelles of the cells disintegrate and the cell starts to die.

nucleus

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are

pressure, vibration, cold

In the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ___ and grow in the wound.

regenerate

The ____ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers.

reticular

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, _______, ________ , hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

sebaceous glands, sweat glands

Sebaceous glands are activated primarily by ____ during puberty.

sex hormones

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ___________, and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

spinosum

The ____ of the integument has immune cells.

stratum spinosum/dermis

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, ____ and ____.

sweat and sebaceous glands

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ____.

thermoregulation

The delivery of drugs through the skin through the use of an adhesive patch is called ____ administration.

transdermal

Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

true

The epidermis and dermis together secrete and absorb materials and play a role in immunity.

true

The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

true

If the body is too warm, the dermal blood vessels ___ so more blood can travel ___ to the surface and excess can be lost.

vasodilate, close

Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ____ weeks.

2-4

In first degree burns, the healing time averages about ____ days.

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ___ weeks.

4

There are two major regions of the dermis: a superficial reticular layer and a deeper papillary layer.

False

___ are located on the fingers, palms, soles and toes are formed from large folds and valleys on both the dermis and epidermis.

Friction ridges

___ lubricates the epidermis and hair and helps make the integument water resistant.

Sebum

Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D3?

Skin, kidney, liver