Ch. 6 Performance Management

What are 5 common factors that affect perceptions of feedback?

- Accuracy - Credibility of the sources - Fairness of the system - Performance-reward expediencies - Reasonableness of the goals or standards

What are the four steps to PM?

- Defining performance - Monitoring and evaluating performance - Reviewing performance - Providing consequences

What are the three general outcomes from rewards?

- Desired outcome - Nothing - Undesired side-effects

What are the 3 primary functions that most PM processes have in common?

- Make employee-related decisions - Guide employees development - Send strong signals to employees

What are the three common sources of feedback?

- Others - Task - Self

What are the two types of goals?

- Performance goals: targets a specific end result - Learning goals: involves enhancing your knowledge or skill

What are the three general criteria used for distributing rewards?

- Results: tangible outcomes - Behavior and actions: such as team work, risk taking, etc. - Nonperformance considerations: Customary or contractual, where the type of job, level, etc. are rewarded

What are the four general steps to implementing a goal setting program?

- Set goals - Promote goal commitment - Provide support and feedback - Create action plans

What are the types of measures that can be used in monitoring performance?

- Timeliness - Quality - Quantity - Financial Metrics

What are the two functions of feedback?

- motivational - instructional

What is coaching?

A customized process between two or more people with the intent of enhancing and motivating change

What is Performance Management?

A set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations

What is operant behavior?

Behavior that is learned when one "operates on" the environment to produce desired consequences

Effective coaching is what?

Developmental, has specific performance goals, and typically involves considerable self-reflection, self-assessment, and feedback

What are total rewards?

Encompass not only compensation and benefits, but also personal and professional growth opps and a motivating work environment that includes recognition, job design, and work-life balance

What is the process of comparing performance at some point in time to a previously established expectation or goal?

Evaluating performance

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards?

Extrinsic include material or finance rewards, including social Intrinsic reward are psychic rewards that are self-granted

What is 360-degree feedback?

Individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with behavorally specific performance information from their manager, subordinates, and peers

What is feedback?

Info about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation

What is effective feedback?

Info or data, not evaluation or opinions

What is intermittent reinforcement?

Involves reinforcement of some but not all instances of a target behavior

What does monitoring performance entail of?

Measuring, tracking, or otherwise verifying progress and ultimate performance

What is strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing?

Negative reinforcement

What is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing?

Positive reinforcement

What is the last stage of the performance management process?

Providing consequences

What is the process of weakening behavior through either the contingent presentation of something displeasing or the contingent withdrawal of something positive?

Punishment

What is the law of effect?

Says behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated, while behavior with unfavorable consequences tends to disappear

What does the SMART acronym stand for?

Specific Measurable Attainable Results oriented Time bound

What is pay for performance? (or variable pay, incentives, etc.)

The popular term for monetary incentives linking at least some portion of one's pay directly to results or accomplishments

What is respondent behavior?

Unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections

What is extinction?

Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced

What is continuous reinforcement?

When every instance of a target behavior is reinforced

What is recency effects when conducting performance evaluation?

to rely on most recent information and go with that direction