Ch 6: Post-Civil War Business & Labor
Which of the following is a likely profile of a Progressive reformer?
A 34-year-old white male from Chicago who is an investigative journalist.
Which of the following was likely a beneficiary of the Newlands Reclamation Act?
A middle-aged farmer from the West who had new money for irrigation projects.
Which person would be most likely to be able to legally emigrate to the United States in the 1890s?
A middle-aged healthy white Dutch male with no criminal record
Identify which of the following profiles Carnegie and other Robber Barons thought was best suited for deciding what the poorest needed most:
A middle-aged white male who has a large company and a lot of money
Which nation was NOT added to or considered a U.S. protectorate because of the Treaty of Paris (1898)?
All of these were protectorates or considered to be protectorates
How were wages of American men, immigrants, women and children different for the same work?
American men were paid at the highest rate.
Which is the best explanation of a trust?
An 'umbrella' corporation that oversees several companies.
Which of the following did Social Darwinism try to justify?
Anti-immigrant policies and attitudes.
Why is Andrew Carnegie considered the best representative of the Gilded Age?
Because he immigrated to the U.S. with very little money and created one of the largest companies and, when adjusted for inflation, was one of the wealthiest men of all time.
Why was there a sudden growth of northern urban population centers in the late 19th century?
Because of large-scale immigration
Why did public opinion occasionally turn against unionized workers who went on strike?
Because people believed the workers occasionally became too radical and violent
Why were business tycoons in the Gilded Age allowed to get away with certain practices that we consider illegal today?
Because the government believed in a laissez-faire approach to business.
Why did the Salvation Army help prostitutes, thieves, and alcoholics?
Because they felt it was their mission to help those who were normally not helped.
Why were labor unions organized by workers in the late 19th century?
Because unions fought to improve working conditions
How does the effect of the 1894 Pullman Strike compare to that of the 1892 strike at the Carnegie Steel Mill in Homestead?
Both the strikes turned popular opinion against the unions, but the Pullman Strike set a precedent that increased the federal government's capacity to intervene.
How did settlement houses attempt to alleviate poverty?
By sharing knowledge and culture
Which was NOT an effect of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Corporations
Which of the following was NOT a goal or an achievement of Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal?
Elimination of all corporations through trust-busting.
Which of these is NOT associated with the 'Robber Barons?'
Good employee relations
Why did Roosevelt intervene in the anthracite coal labor dispute?
He feared that without federal intervention, the negative economic effects of the strike would be too great.
How did Carnegie's approach to his business differ from his approach to the rest of society?
He had bloody disputes with his employees, but he donated a lot of money to charity.
How did Alfred Thayer Mahan affect American imperialism?
He was a historian who argued for a modernized navy with a greater global presence.
Which of these was NOT part of the urban planning reform movements around the turn of the 20th century?
Immigration restrictions
Why was the 1875 Page Act introduced?
In response to a widespread stereotype about the danger of cheap Chinese labor.
What were the Progressive reformers working towards in the early twentieth century?
Involving government in regulating social, economic, and political problems.
How did the Bessemer steel process impact the labor market?
It created a need for a large amount of workers who mostly performed repetitive tasks.
How did the Second Industrial Revolution change the United States?
It marked a change towards mass production, which was enabled by the Bessemer steel process.
What was the primary purpose behind the voyage of the Great White Fleet?
It was meant to showcase American naval strength and make diplomatic contact with foreign nations.
How did the Social Gospel movement influence the Civil Rights movement?
Martin Luther King, Jr. said that Social Gospel ideas were the foundation for his ministry.
What prior American policy statement was the Roosevelt Corollary an extension of?
Monroe Doctrine
How were the 'new' immigrants different from the 'old' immigrants to America?
New immigrants were less likely to be literate and English-speaking, whereas most of the old immigrants came from English-speaking, democratic countries.
Which of the following statements appropriately relates Manifest Destiny to American imperialism?
Once Americans had accomplished the goal of westward expansion, they had to find other ways of showing their strength through imperialism.
Which terms best describe urban life in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Overcrowded, Dirty, Segregated and Exciting
How does horizontal integration differ from pools?
Pools are a method that focuses on cooperation between companies, while horizontal integration works on a more aggressive approach of eliminating competition.
How did President Washington's vision of America compare to that of the time of Manifest Destiny?
President Washington opposed foreign interventions that were increasing in popularity in that period.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the 19th Amendment granting American women the right to vote in 1920?
President Wilson celebrated its passage as one of the earliest supporters of the suffrage movement.
How did President Roosevelt respond to the Venezuelan Crisis?
Roosevelt ordered a series of naval exercises and then developed the Roosevelt Corollary.
What was Carrie Chapman Catt's role in the women's suffrage movement?
She proposed organization at the local levels and promoted women's suffrage state by state.
How does Social Darwinism impact imperialism?
Social Darwinists believed that certain races and nations were destined by their superiority to dominate what they considered the inferior races or nations.
How did Social Darwinism differ from Reform Darwinism?
Social Darwinists felt that rich people were simply more 'fit' than poor people, while Reform Darwinists felt that it was the rich man's duty to help the less fit, poor man.
How did the American Federation of Labor (AFL) differ to the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)?
The AFL believed in working within the existing system, while the IWW called for open class warfare.
Which of the following stories DID NOT push the U.S. toward war with Spain?
The Jingo.
How did the National Woman's Party (NWP) tactics differ from the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)?
The NWP was viewed as confrontational due to their use of aggressive tactics.
What is true about the Rough Riders and the Buffalo Soldiers?
The Rough Riders were led by Theodore Roosevelt. The Buffalo Soldiers were a U.S. 10th Cavalry unit made up of African American regiments.
Why was the Northern Securities case of 1904 significant?
The Supreme Court upheld the antitrust suit against the railroad monopoly.
What was the controversial part about the U.S. role in the Panama Canal treaties?
The U.S. did not include Panama in the treaty negotiations.
How were early manufacturing industries different from those in the Second Industrial Revolution?
The early manufacturing industries had to use skilled weavers to operate power looms, while factories during the Second Industrial Revolution increasingly relied on machines.
Which of the following best defines nativism?
The preference for US-born inhabitants over other US inhabitants that were born in a foreign country.
Which of the following is true of the working condition during the Gilded Age?
There were few laws regarding wages or conditions.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Knights of Labor?
They actively worked to bring down the government.
Some early feminists opposed passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) because:
They believed the ERA could potentially hinder gains that already addressed the rights of women in the workforce.
How did muckrakers like Jacob Riis help bring about urban reform?
They increased public awareness of social problems.
Which of these is a reason the US fought the Spanish-American war?
To expand American influence abroad.
Why were building codes used in New York during the 1890s?
To prevent fire spread through buildings in minutes.
How does the view on social issues of Walter Rauschenbusch differ to that of Lester Ward?
Ward approached it from a scientific approach, while Rauschenbusch's approach derived from his interpretation of his faith.
Which of the following best defines imperialism?
When a nation works to expand its power and influence over another nation through military conquest, or political diplomacy, or both.
All of the following are ways in which women's clubs contributed to the women's suffrage movement EXCEPT:
Women united across all social classes to eliminate the idea of 'separate spheres' of influence for men and women.
Yellow journalism is _____.
a sensational form of journalism that exaggerates and twists facts to affect opinions in order to sell newspapers
The incident at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory led to the _____.
fire safety regulations
Social Darwinism tried to excuse _____.
the lack of basic worker protections by the federal government
