Ch. 6 Quiz Questions

Blood clots are a normal response to injury, but the buildup of plaque in arteries makes them more likely to form. If a fixed bunch of blood clots, called a __________ forms, it may block the flow of blood through a blood vessel.

thrombus

njury to the arterial wall initiates an immune response that recruits _________to the site of injury.

white blood cells

Over time, accumulation of plaque causes arteries to become more ________and less _______.

narrow, flexible

Plant sterols and stanols can improve cardiovascular health by _______.

reducing blood cholesterol levels

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct may cause pain in the upper ______part of the abdomen.

right

These cells take up oxidized LDL to become _____, which are rich in cholesterol. These cells form arterial plaques. The accumulation of lipid-containing plaque within the walls of an artery is called _________.

foam cells, atherosclerosis

f the gallbladder becomes inflamed or infected, surgical removal of the organ may be necessary. The surgical procedure is called a

cholecystectomy.

Gallstones are one of the most common digestive diseases among American adults. Gallstones are made primarily of

cholesterol.

Afsheen's grandmother is teaching her how to make mayonnaise. She explains that mayonnaise is made using oil, salt, vinegar (or lemon juice), and egg yolks. Lecithin in the egg yolks acts as an emulsifier. An emulsifier _______.

suspends fat in water

Regina's is interested in learning more about eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two fatty acids that can be made from alpha-linolenic acid. She has heard that EPA and DHA are important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. Which food is the best source of EPA and DHA?

Salmon

Indicate how the essential fatty acids impact the body by selecting "increase" or "decrease" for each of the sentences below.

- Omega-6 fatty acids increase clotting and increase inflammation in the body. -Omega-3 fatty acids tend to decrease blood clotting. -Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement may decrease circulating triglyceride levels in the blood. -Consumption of salmon and/or tuna 2-3 days per week may be associated with a(n) decrease in risk for heart disease, arthritis, and depression.

Which of the following plant oils contain mostly saturated fatty acids? Check all that apply.

-Palm oil - Coconut oil

Falafel is a traditional Middle Eastern food that consists of a deep-fried ball or patty made from ground chickpeas, fava beans, or both. Falafel is often served in a pita topped with salad and/or pickled vegetables. Based on this information, which of the following statements are true? Check all that apply.

-The total fat content of the falafel can be reduced by baking, rather than frying, the falafel. -Falafel are a source of dietary fiber. -For those following an entirely plant-based diet, falafel can be included as part of the diet

Zara is trying to cut back on her fat intake to help reduce total calorie intake and promote gradual weight loss. If she follows an 1800-kilocalorie meal plan and wants to achieve the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range recommendation for total fat (20-35% of calories), how many grams of fat per day should she be eating?

40-70 grams of fat per day

Sarah had her gallbladder removed one week ago. At her follow-up visit, she complained of having greasy stools. What dietary modification could help to alleviate Sarah's problem?

Avoid high-fat meals

Barry is making a cake for his friend's birthday. Which of the following common ingredients in cake recipes should Barry be sure to add since the ingredient acts as an emulsifier?

Egg

Gloria is concerned that her dad is at high risk for having cardiovascular disease because her paternal grandfather died of a heart attack. Her father smokes, has type 2 diabetes, and is considered overweight. Which of Gloria's father's cardiovascular disease risk factors is not modifiable? Check all that apply.

Family history of cardiovascular disease, Smoking, Type 2 diabetes

Roy recently had his fasting blood lipid levels checked . The results of the blood lipid test are shown below. Indicate whether this LDL- cholesterol level is considered optimal , near/ above optimal , borderline high, high, or very high.

LDL Cholesterol :123 mg/ dL Near Optimal / Above Optimal

________ are lipids that occur naturally in many grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes. They are structurally similar to cholesterol and may compete with cholesterol for intestinal absorption. Consuming foods, such as the spread shown above, may be an effective way to lower blood cholesterol levels, particularly when used as a substitute for other fats that may increase risk high blood cholesterol levels.

Plant sterols

Identify which of the following food sources contains the most cholesterol.

Shrimp

Gallbladder disease or removal may reduce the amount of ______that is secreted into the duodenum after a high-fat meal. Without this emulsifier, fat digestion and absorption are inefficient.

bile

Click to select the foods that are rich sources of saturated fatty acids.

cheese, beef, coconut oil, butter

Fat malabsorption leads to loose, fatty stools known as

steatorrhea.

A blood clot that blocks the flow of blood to the heart results in a heart attack, or _________. When a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the brain, a ______ may result. If a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to a limb, tissue death occurs and __________is the result.

myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene