Ch. 6 - SmartBook Reading Assignment

Select all that apply Which statements characterize articular cartilage?

It functions to reduce friction in joints. It is composed of hyaline cartilage. It covers an epiphysis.

Select all that apply Which statements characterize the periosteum?

It helps to heal bone fractures. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone.

Which blood vessel supplies the diaphysis of a long bone?

Nutrient artery

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

articular cartilage

The ______ provides the major weight support of a long bone.

diaphysis

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its ______.

diaphysis

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through

endochondral

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called

lacunae

Letter A in the figure provided represents which blood vessel of bone?

Epiphyseal artery

Select all that apply Which statements are true regarding cartilage?

It is found in the head, arms, legs, and trunk of the body. It is more flexible than bone. It contains cells and a matrix.

Select all that apply Which statements describe the matrix of bone?

It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. It is composed of organic and inorganic substances.

Select all that apply Which statements correctly describe compact bone?

It is solid and relatively dense. It forms the external walls of a long bone.

Select all that apply Which statements characterize cartilage?

It provides a model for the formation of bones. It provides a gliding surface at joints. It supports soft tissues

Which is a function of cartilage?

It supports the auricle of the ear.

Select all that apply Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.

Lower limb bones Upper limb bones Vertebrae

Select all that apply Which tissue types are found in bones?

Osseous connective tissue Blood Nervous tissue

______ remove bone matrix and ______ add to it.

Osteoclasts, osteoblasts

Select all that apply In a severe protein-deficient diet, which portion of the bone matrix will be reduced?

Osteoid The organic component

Select all that apply Which statements characterize osteocytes?

They maintain bone matrix. They reside in lacunae.

Select all that apply Which statements characterize bone markings?

They mark points of attachment for tendons and ligaments. They can sometimes be used in skeletal remains to determine a person's sex. They indicate sites of blood vessels entry through bone. They are sites of articulations.

Select all that apply Which statement(s) characterize osteoclasts?

They reabsorb bone matrix. They secrete hydrochloric acid. They are phagocytic. They have ruffled borders.

Which is a function of bone?

To protect soft tissues, to house the tissue that manufactures blood cells, to store inorganic salts, to provide a framework for the body. Protection of organs

True or False: Bone markings on skeletal remains indicate where the soft tissue components once were.

True Reason: This is useful when identifying bones.

growth along the periphery of cartilage is called _______ growth

appositional

A bone's growth in diameter is called?

appositional growth

Select all that apply Functions of bone include ______.

blood cell formation mineral storage protection support

The cells that produce the matrix of cartilage are called ______.

chondroblasts

In a(n) _______ fracture, one or both ends of a broken bone pierce the overlying skin.

compound

Cartilage is what type of tissue?

connective tissue

In osteolysis, the liberated calcium ______.

enters the blood

A thin line of compact bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a mature bone is called the ______.

epiphyseal line

The structure that replaces the epiphyseal plate in adult bone is the ______.

epiphyseal line

Interstitial bone growth occurs within the ______ of a bone.

epiphyseal plate

The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.

epiphysis

True or false: Osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones.

false

Ossification begins ______.

in the embryo

When osteoblast activity out paces osteoclast activity, bone mass ______.

increases

A long bone's growth in length is called ______.

interstitial growth

Growth from within cartilage is called ______.

interstitial growth

The type of ossification that is also referred to as dermal ossification, is called _____ ossification.

intramembranous

Bone growth within a membrane is called ______.

intramembranous ossification

Bone B, in the picture provided, is classified as a(n) ______ bone.

irregular

Chondrocytes sits in holes called ______.

lacunae

Bone A, in the picture provided, is classified as a(n) ______ bone.

long

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ______.

medullary cavity

About one-third of bone mass is composed of ______.

organic components

The formation and development of bone is ______.

ossification

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

osteoclasts

Mature bone cells are called ______.

osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called

osteocytes

The release of stored calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix is called

osteolysis

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______.

periosteum

The bone structure labeled B, which wraps around the bone in the figure, is the

periosteum

Osteoblasts function to ______.

produce osteoid

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the ______ epiphysis.

proximal

The bone part labeled A in the figure is the ______.

proximal epiphysis

The bone marking labeled B on the skull is a ______.

ramus

In the structure of the epiphyseal plate, the zone farthest away from the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is the zone of ______.

resting cartilage

Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ______ bones.

short

The broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a ______.

simple fracture

The bone marking labeled D on the skull is a ______.

sinus

cancellous or trabecular bone is also called?

spongy bone

The medullary cavity of adult bone contains _____ bone marrow.

yellow

The zone that is closest to the medullary cavity is the ______.

zone of ossification