ch 7-ap psych

Research on sexual orientation suggests that

sexual orientation is a function of both learned and biological mechanisms.

Martin is watching a television crime show. In one scene, the police interview a suspect and have him take a polygraph test. Because Martin is taking AP® Psychology, he knows

that polygraph tests detect emotion, but not necessarily lying

The part of the brain that plays a central role in fear is

the amygdala

The fight-or-flight response is a product of

the autonomic nervous system (The sympathetic nervous system controls the flight or fights response and is part of the autonomic nervous system.)

Which process best illustrates the effect of development stages on the interaction between instinct and learning?

imprinting

An individual is considered obese if his or her BMI is greater than

30

________ is the process that arouses, maintains, and guides behavior toward a goal.

Motivation

Which of the following best illustrates a behavior that is motivated by physiological factors?

Adding and removing clothes so as to maintain a comfortable body temperature

Which part of the brain is responsible for evaluating emotional stimuli, both negative and positive, and initiating responses to the perception of these stimuli?

Amydgala

What is an instinct?

An innate pattern of responding that is species-specific.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that ____.

Biological needs must be satisfied before personal and social needs.

The sexual motivation of animals is almost totally regulated by ____.

Genetic and biological factors

Which of the following is true about Abraham Maslow?

He was primarily interested in human behavior

When we are motivated, we typically show three characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of these three characteristics?

Increased arousal after reaching a specific goal.

Zach was camping by himself when he heard some strange noises outside his tent. His heart began to race, and his palms began to sweat. These physiological changes triggered his feelings of fear. Which theory of emotion would explain Zach's feeling of fear in this way?

James-Lange

Regarding Maslow's theory of motivation, which of the following statements is FALSE? Maslow's model has intuitive appeal. One criticism of Maslow's model is that the same behavior may reflect multiple needs. Maslow's theory has been criticized for focusing too much on psychosocial needs and not enough on biological needs. Maslow believed that we all have the ability to follow our own paths toward achieving self-actualization.

Maslow's theory has been criticized for focusing too much on psychosocial needs and not enough on biological needs.

Which of the following best illustrates the component of emotion referred to as overt behavior? An increased body temperature An increased heart rate Raising one's fist in victory A feeling of happiness

Raising one's fist in victory

It is believed that Troy has a high set point. Dieting will be difficult for him because ____.

Troy's metabolic rate slows down

Lauren has been staying after school every day to work on her project for the upcoming physics competition. Nobody from her school has ever won first place, and she is determined to do it this year. Most likely, Lauren would score high on

achievement

Beliefs, expectations, and goals are important concepts in which of the following theories of motivation?

cognitive theory

After a night of eating a gallon of ice cream and potato chips, Raven takes laxatives to purge the ingested food from her body. Raven, like many others who suffer from bulimia nervosa, is likely to feel what after purging?

depression

Researchers have found differences among cultures in the appropriate expression of emotion. For example, the Ifaluk of Micronesia restrict expressions of happiness because they believe it might lead to be people not doing their duties. The Japanese encourage masking negative emotions. These are examples of

display rules

An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities to reduce the tension best defines a(n)

drive

The instinct theory of human motivation was replaced by the ___________.

drive theory

Helen suddenly feels hungry. Physiologically, which of the following mechanisms would trigger her desire to eat? a. low levels of ghrelin b. firing of neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) c. high levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) d. high levels of leptin e. low levels of leptin

e. low levels of leptin (When leptin levels are low, we feel hungry. When leptins levels are high, we feel full.)

Carla works hard to get As on her report card because it is personally rewarding. Her behavior is being influenced by ____.

intrinsic motivation

If your temperature goes up, you might sweat. If your temperature goes down, you might shiver. These reactions help your body

maintain homeostasis

A psychological or physiological factor that causes humans to act in a specific way at a particular time is called ____.

motivation

The motivation to set challenging goals and persist in meeting those goals, despite obstacles or setbacks is the definition of ____.

need for achievement

You eat because you like to. This best illustrates the idea that motivation is due to ____.

reward/pleasure centers in the brain

"I don't know why I did that!" Of the following concepts, which one best relates to this statement?

unconscious motivation