ch 7 lab

What is the range of shield volcano height? 3,000 to 10,000 meters 1,000 to 3,000 meters 300 to 10,000 meters 300 to 1,000 meters

300 to 10,000 meters

The maximum height of a cinder cone volcano is usually around _________ ? 350 meters 450 meters 600 meters 250 meters

450 meters

What is the difference between a dike and a sill? A dike leads to volcanoes above sedimentary layers, and a sill leads to volcanoes below sedimentary layers. A sill leads to volcanoes above sedimentary layers, and a dike leads to volcanoes below sedimentary layers. A dike intrudes across sedimentary layers, and a sill intrudes between sedimentary layers. A sill intrudes across sedimentary layers, and a dike intrudes between sedimentary layers.

A dike intrudes across sedimentary layers, and a sill intrudes between sedimentary layers.

Which of these most directly triggered the main eruption? The formation of a bulge on the north slope Mud flows in the Toutle river A massive landslide Avalanches of pyroclastic debris Outgassing of the magma

A massive landslide

What are shield volcanoes generally made of? Basalt flows Pyroclastic deposits Granite flows Pyrobasalt deposits

Basalt flows

What type of volcano is Mount St. Helens? Cinder cone Composite Shield Plinian

Composite

Which of the following statements about earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 is correct? Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with hot spots. Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with plate boundaries. Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates loosely with hot spots. Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates loosely with plate boundaries

Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with plate boundaries.

What type of magma erupts out of dome complexes? Mafic magma Felsic magma Mafelsic Felmafic magma

Felsic magma

What is the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships? Geologic features that cut through rocks must form at roughly the same time as the rocks that they cut through. Geologic features that cut through rocks must form before the rocks that they cut through. Geologic features that cut through rocks must form after the rocks that they cut through.

Geologic features that cut through rocks must form after the rocks that they cut through.

In general, how often do most cinder cones erupt? Most cinder cones erupt annually. Most cinder cones erupt several times each decade. Most cinder cones erupt once. Most cinder cones erupt seasonally. Most cinder cones do not erupt.

Most cinder cones erupt once.

There had been many earthquakes in the area prior to this eruption. Why did this last earthquake trigger a massive landslide? Extensive rain had weakened the mountain slopes. Moving magma had over-steepened the mountain slopes. Clearing of trees allowed erosion on the mountain slopes.

Moving magma had over-steepened the mountain slopes.

Imagine that a fold has been eroded to a flat surface. In general, how would you know if this fold is plunging? Nonplunging folds look like wavy lines at the surface, and plunging folds look like straight lines. Nonplunging folds look like hills at the surface, and plunging folds look like valleys. Nonplunging folds look like valleys at the surface, and plunging folds look like hills. Nonplunging folds look like straight lines at the surface, and plunging folds look like wavy lines.

Nonplunging folds look like straight lines at the surface, and plunging folds look like wavy lines.

How are metamorphic rocks formed? Preexisting sediment is altered through heat and pressure. Preexisting rock is altered through melting and pressure. Preexisting sediment is altered through melting and pressure. Preexisting rock is altered through heat and pressure.

Preexisting rock is altered through heat and pressure.

Which of the following statements about relative and absolute age dating is correct? Relative age dating does not provide information about absolute ages, nor does it place rocks and events in chronological order. Relative age dating places rocks and events in chronological order, but does not provide information about absolute age. Relative age dating provides information about absolute ages, but does not place rocks and events in chronological order. Relative age dating places rocks and events in chronological order, and can provide information about absolute age.

Relative age dating places rocks and events in chronological order, but does not provide information about absolute age.

Imagine that a syncline has been eroded to a flat surface. How would the rock age change as you walked across that flat surface? Rocks would be youngest on the right and oldest on the left. Rocks would be youngest on the left and oldest on the right. Rocks would be oldest on the edges and youngest in the middle. Rocks would be youngest on the edges and oldest in the middle

Rocks would be oldest on the edges and youngest in the middle.

Imagine that an anticline has been eroded to a flat surface. How would the rock age change as you walked across that flat surface? Rocks would be youngest on the right and oldest on the left. Rocks would be youngest on the edges and oldest in the middle. Rocks would be oldest on the edges and youngest in the middle. Rocks would be youngest on the left and oldest on the right.

Rocks would be youngest on the edges and oldest in the middle.

What is the Principle of Original Horizontality? Metamorphic rocks are close to horizontal when deposited. Sedimentary rocks are close to horizontal when deposited. Sedimentary rocks are close to horizontal when eroded. Metamorphic rocks are close to horizontal when eroded.

Sedimentary rocks are close to horizontal when deposited.

What information do geologists use to classify volcanoes? Shape and type of deposits Color and type of deposits Height of peak and type of deposits Shape and height of peak Color and height of peak

Shape and type of deposits

What type of volcanoes are the tallest? Dome complexes Cinder cones Composite volcanoes Shield volcanoes

Shield volcanoes

Why are shield volcanoes wider than composite volcanoes? The lava that flows out of shield volcanoes is less fluid than the lava that flows out of composite volcanoes. The pyroclastic material that comes out of shield volcanoes is more fluid than the lava that flows out of composite volcanoes. The lava that flows out of shield volcanoes is more fluid than the lava that flows out of composite volcanoes. The pyroclastic material that comes out of shield volcanoes is less fluid than the lava that flows out of composite volcanoes.

The lava that flows out of shield volcanoes is more fluid than the lava that flows out of composite volcanoes.

Why are volcanic rocks often exposed at Earth's surface as hills, ridges, and mountains surrounded by areas of lower elevation? Volcanic rocks are often more resistant to erosion than surrounding rock. Volcanic rocks are often older than surrounding rock. Volcanic rocks are often more susceptible to erosion than surrounding rock. Volcanic rocks are often younger than surrounding rock.

Volcanic rocks are often more resistant to erosion than surrounding rock.

What is the Principle of Superposition? Within a sequence of rock layers formed at Earth's surface, rock layers in the middle of a sequence are older. Within a sequence of rock layers formed at Earth's surface, rock layers lower in the sequence are older. Within a sequence of rock layers formed at Earth's surface, rock layers higher in the sequence are older.

Within a sequence of rock layers formed at Earth's surface, rock layers lower in the sequence are older.

What is a magma chamber called after it and the conduit have solidified and been exposed by erosion? a volcanic neck a sill a dike a volcanic conduit a batholith

a batholith

What produces plunging folds? a combination of folding and tilting a combination of rotating and tilting a combination of folding and rotating

a combination of folding and tilting

What is a syncline? a fold shaped like a right-side-up U a fold shaped like an upside-down U a fault shaped like a right-side-up U a fault shaped like an upside-down U

a fold shaped like a right-side-up U

What is an anticline? a fold shaped like an upside-down U a fault shaped like an upside-down U a fault shaped like a right-side-up U a fold shaped like a right-side-up U

a fold shaped like an upside-down U

What does the term "plunging fold" mean? a fold that is synclined down into the Earth a fold that is bent down into the Earth a fold that is pushed down into the Earth a fold that is faulted down into the Earth a fold that is tilted down into the Earth

a fold that is tilted down into the Earth

What is a volcanic conduit called after the conduit has solidified and been exposed by erosion? a volcanic conduit a hot spot a volcano a volcanic neck

a volcanic neck

Where are tectonic plates located? just under Earth's surface below Earth's surface, in the upper mantle at Earth's surface below Earth's surface, near the core

at Earth's surface

What is foliation? fracturing in metamorphic rocks that results from the reorientation of minerals banding in sedimentary rocks that results from the reorientation of minerals banding in metamorphic rocks that results from the reorientation of minerals fracturing in sedimentary rocks that results from the reorientation of minerals

banding in metamorphic rocks that results from the reorientation of minerals

Which type of force causes folding? compressional force tensional force shear force

compressional force

Which type of force is responsible for reverse fault formation? compressional force shear force tensional force

compressional force

Which type of plate boundary is most closely associated with uplifting continental regions and mountain building? divergent boundaries hot spot boundaries transform boundaries convergent boundaries

convergent boundaries

What are the three types of plate boundaries? divergent, convergent, transverse digressive, convergent, transform divergent, convergent, transform divergent, converse, transform divergent, converse, transverse

divergent, convergent, transform

What is a fault? folds along which rocks move fractures along which rocks move folds along which rocks bend fractures along which rocks ben

fractures along which rocks move

What would you call a granite that has undergone metamorphism and now exhibits foliation? basalt granite limestone lava gneiss

gneiss

Which phenomenon can explain the presence of volcanoes in the middle of the Pacific Ocean? subduction hot spots earthquakes divergence transform motion

hot spots

What lies underneath volcanic features at Earth's surface? volcanic conduits and mantle chambers magma conduits and volcanic chambers magma chambers and volcanic conduits mantle conduits and volcanic chamber

magma chambers and volcanic conduits

How will foliation in continental metamorphic rocks formed during subduction be oriented? oblique to the direction of plate movement parallel to the direction of plate movement perpendicular to the direction of plate movement

perpendicular to the direction of plate movement

Cinder cones are made of________. pyrobasalt deposits granite flows pyroclastic deposits basalt flows

pyroclastic deposits

Which type of force is responsible for normal strike-slip formation? tensional force compressional force shear force

shear force

Do metamorphic rocks look like the preexisting rock from which they form? often rarely sometimes, but not always never almost always

sometimes, but not always

Which type of fault has no vertical motion of rocks associated with it? reverse fault normal fault strike-slip fault shear fault

strike-slip fault

Which type of force is responsible for normal fault formation? tensional force compressional force shear force

tensional force

Which principle of relative age dating is important for determining the relative age of igneous rock that has intruded into overlying rock? the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships the Principle of Original Horizontality the Principle of Intrusive Relationships the Principle of Superposition

the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships

What are rocks below and above a fault called? the footwall below and the hanging wall above the hanging wall below and the footwall above the footwall below and the upper wall above the lower wall below and the hanging wall above the lower wall below and the upper wall above

the footwall below and the hanging wall above

Which plate boundary type is not associated with volcanic eruptions? divergent convergent converse transform

transform