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haves

communism, always owned production, controlled society and wealth, bourg

have nots

communism, proletariat working class

david ricardo

"Iron Law of Wages"-wealthy English stockbroker and leading economist-coldly spelled out the pessimistic implications of Malthus's thought-his iron law of wages stated that because of the pressure of pop. growth, wages would always sin to subsistence level. With more food came more children, neverending cycle.

robert owen

(1771-1858) Utopian socialists who improved health and safety conditions in mills, increased workers wages and reduced hours. Dreamed of establishing socialist communities the most notable was New Harmony (1826) which failed. model comm. in new lanark, scotland. successful mill owner, refused child labor (unlike most), campaigns for this, living cond. shaped charac., enc. labor unions, childrens school, built worker homes, reduced work hours, company store for workers

john stuart mill

(1806-1873)-British philosopher who published On Liberty (1859), advocating individual rights against government intrusion, and The Subjection of Women (1869), on the cause of women's rights...indiv. freedom, wanted govn. to improve working class hard lives, power against will if prevents harm to others...mid class rejected his ideas, slowly accepted later on

thomas malthus

..., Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.

adam smith

1723- 1790; Scottish; "Wealth of Nations"; first economist; "laissez-faire capitalism"; not completely against govt regulation; pro free trade; let individuals pursue own interest; attacks mercantilism- peep do thinks out of self interest (baker); prices should be fluctuated on just supply & demand- not what gov't say it is; philosophe; not hard-core conservative (gov't does have part); didn't trust businessmen; economics should have an economic (not military) end goal; skilled workforce and strong infrastructure determines power of country- not how much stacks of gold you have; colonization is dumb

karl marx

1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society. based on study of history and science, teamed with engels. econ as driving force

communism

A political and economic system where factors of production are collectively owned and directed by the state. inevitable struggle between social classes, classless society, all prod. owned by comm.

utilitarianism

A theory associated with Jeremy Bentham that is based upon the principle of "the greatest happiness for the greatest number." Bentham argued that this principle should be applied to each nation's government, economy, and judicial system. a limited govn, justify some gov. intervention

socialism

A theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole. social justice, utopian

jeremy bentham

An English philosopher who introduced the philosophy of utilitarianism. He argued that people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility, or usefulness. He argued that the government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. He argued that in general the individual should be free to pursue his or her own advantage without interference from the state. supported indiv. freedom, but gov. involvement sometimes

utopians

People that strived to have an ideal society, where there was a self-sufficient community in which all work was shared and all property was owned in common. There would be no difference between rich and poor...led to no fighting, work and pop. shared, employer could offer decent cond. and still have profitable bus.

marx belief

bourg vs. prolet, prolet predicted to be triumphant....hated capitalism workers of the world unite! power held by workers, not bus. owners ....failures in marxism later on bc of flaws, nationalism over unity--intnl. comm. movement.

laissez faire economics

hands off approach to government; the government should not interfere in the economy

social democracy

marxism formed this. political idea of gradual transition from capitalism to socialism. no overthrow.