Ch. 7 Vitamins

30) Vitamin K has a role

B) in enabling osteocalcin to bind with calcium in bones.

7) Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting?

Vitamin K

16) Thiamin deficiency results in which of the following conditions?

C) beriberi

51) Excessive amounts of vitamin E in the body increase the risk of hemorrhage.

True

32) Vitamin C is also known as ________ acid.

ascorbic

48) The condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy is called

cataract

22) Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods?

A) asparagus

3) Which of the following conditions will not destroy the vitamin content of foods?

A) cold

10) Vitamin C is necessary for which of the following processes?

A) collagen production

19) Which of the following actions is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold?

A) frequent hand-washing with soap and water

42) Vitamin B6 is a collective name for several related compounds, including

A) pyridoxine.

6) Which of the following vitamins is light sensitive and abundant in milk?

A) riboflavin

27) According to a study conducted by the National Eye Institute, which of the following lists of supplements may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration?

A) vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene

5) Which of the following substances is a form of naturally occurring vitamin E?

B) alpha-tocopherol

28) At which sites is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form?

B) in the liver and then in the kidneys

25) Pernicious anemia occurs when there is a deficiency of which vitamin?

B12

4) Which of the following statements about xerophthalmia is correct?

C) It is defined as permanent damage to the cornea resulting from a vitamin A deficiency.

24) Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is false?

C) The body's ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age.

1) Which of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect?

C) They provide energy.

14) Which of the following factors is not responsible for the increase in cases of rickets in the United States?

D) consumption of low-fat milk

26) Which of the following people might not benefit from a vitamin supplement?

D) individuals who regularly eat fortified foods

2) Which of the following vitamins is transported in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids?

D) vitamin A

52) To produce vitamin D from sunlight, individuals with dark skin require a shorter period of sun exposure than people with lighter skin.

False

54) Protein-rich foods are good sources of tryptophan and thus of thiamin.

False

57) Cutting vegetables and fruits hours before eating them will have no effect on their vitamin content.

False

60) The most usable form of vitamin A is retinoic acid.

False

62) Carotenodermia is a life-threatening toxic reaction to the overconsumption of vitamin A.

False

63) The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin E.

False

64) Vitamin K is a component of two light-sensitive proteins that are essential for vision.

False

68) One of the best ways to reduce your chances of catching a cold is to take vitamin C supplements.

False

71) A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in macrocytic anemia.

False

72) A diet deficient in vitamin B6 can result in pernicious anemia.

False

73) A diet that contains too much niacin may result in pellagra.

False

74) A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in rickets.

False

78) Vitamin C is needed to make hemoglobin, the most abundant protein in the human body.

False

79) Vitamin K is an important anticoagulant.

False

80) Biotin plays a part in DNA formation.

False

35) ________ and vitamin B12 are B vitamins needed for keeping red blood cells healthy.

Folate

39) ________ plays a role in breaking down alcohol in the body.

Thiamin

53) The disease that occurs in humans who have a thiamin deficiency is called beriberi.

True

55) Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin.

True

56) Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water-soluble vitamins.

True

58) Overconsumption of fat-soluble vitamins is more likely to be toxic than overconsumption of water-soluble vitamins.

True

59) Nerve damage caused by pernicious anemia, if diagnosed early enough, can be reversed with treatments of vitamin B12.

True

61) Using retinoids during pregnancy can cause birth defects.

True

65) A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia.

True

66) One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk.

True

67) The adult equivalent of rickets is called osteomalacia.

True

69) Vitamins do not provide energy.

True

70) Large amounts of vitamin B6 taken through supplements may be associated with nerve damage.

True

75) A diet deficient in vitamin D can result in osteomalacia.

True

76) Vitamin D helps maintain calcium balance in the blood.

True

77) Vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme with more than 100 enzymes involved in the metabolism of proteins.

True

34) Which of the following organizations sets purity and reliability standards for dietary supplements?

USP

11) Pellagra is a condition associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?

Vitamin B3

15) Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body?

Vitamin C

43) ________ boosts the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells.

Vitamin C

29) Which of the following vitamins helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus?

Vitamin D

44) Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene act as ________, which may reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease.

antioxidants

17) The phytochemical anthocyanin is found in

beets

21) Which of the following substances is not an antioxidant?

biotin

36) ________ is a vitamin-like substance that is abundant in foods from animal sources and is needed to properly utilize fat.

carntine

31) When the B vitamins help numerous enzymes produce reactions within cells, they are acting as

coenzymes

46) Ascorbic acid acts as a coenzyme and is needed for the production of

collagen

23) Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which of the following foods?

eggs

20) Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking down homocysteine in the blood?

folate

8) Which of the following vitamins is important in a woman's diet before she conceives a baby?

folate

9) Which of the following vitamins has been shown to reduce the risk of certain cancers, especially colon cancer?

folate

33) Foods that have had nutrients added to them are designated as ________ foods.

fortified

37) Oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of certain chronic diseases are called

free radicals

45) Vitamin C helps the body absorb ________ from plant foods such as grains and cereals.

iron

18) Which of the following vitamins has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of triglycerides?

niacin

41) The body can synthesize ________ from the amino acid tryptophan.

niacin

40) The signs and symptoms of ________ include dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.

pellagra

50) Individuals who cannot produce intrinsic factor and thus cannot absorb vitamin B12 may develop ________ anemia.

pernicious

49) ________ are naturally occurring plant compounds that act as antioxidants and give fruits and vegetables their vibrant colors.

phytochemicals

12) Which of the following conditions is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children?

rickets

47) The disease resulting from vitamin C deficiency is called

scruvy

13) Which of the following conditions is not caused by a vitamin D deficiency?

scurvy

38) Excessive amounts of water-soluble vitamins are often excreted in

urine