Ch 8,9,10,11

Which genetic disorder is associated with an irregular shape of the red blood cells?

Sickle Cell Disease

If a true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant of unknown parentage, which of the following is correct?

Some short individuals may appear in the F 2 generation.

If cancer is discovered at an early stage, which treatment method is most often used?

Surgery

Matt breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the baby snakes with the normal coloration?

They must be heterozygous.

Losing weight can reduce an obese person's risk for cancer by up to 40%.

True

A protein that promotes apoptosis would be considered a(n)

Tumor Suppressor

Megan has a widow's peak (dominant trait) and attached earlobes (recessive trait). Megan's dad has a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Megan's genotype?

Wwee

A tetrad consists of

a homologous pair of chromosomes, each made of 2 chromatids

Which of the following series of events are in the correct order?

chemical binds to receptor, signal transduction pathway stimulates transcription activator, target gene is transcribed and translated

Female mammals form Barr bodies because

compacting the chromatin of one of their X chromosomes allows them to inactivate it and produce the same amount of gene product as a male.

An intervening sequence of DNA that is not expressed is called a(n)

intron

RNA differs from DNA because RNA

is single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded.

In each gamete following telophase II, how many copies of each gene is/are present?

1

Camels have a diploid chromosome number of 70. At prophase II, each cell would contain how many chromatids?

140

During prophase II, a cell contains how many copies of each gene?

2

If there are 20 centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there?

20

If an organism's DNA contains 30% adenine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed of thymine nucleotides?

30%

A woman with type AB blood marries a man who is heterozygous for type B blood. If they have children, what are all the possible blood types for the children?

AB, BB, AO, and BO

Matt buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. What is the most effective way for Morgan to verify this statement?

Breed the snake with a homozygous recessive albino female.

What structure holds two sister chromatids together?

Centromere

Which cancer therapy can lead to side effects such as nausea and hair loss?

Chemotherapy

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction

DNA to RNA to protein

What structure is formed by two sister chromatids being held together by a centromere?

Duplicated Chromosome

Which of the following is true with regards to the law of independent assortment?

Each pair of alleles assorts independently of the other allele pairs.

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype:FFGg?

FG, Fg

In fruit flys, long-wings (L) is dominant to short-wings (l) and a gray body color (G) is dominant to black body color (b). A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black, short-winged male fly (llgg). The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1. What is the genotype of the female fly?

LlGg

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance?

Polygenic

The protein derived from a particular gene is different when it is found in a neuron than in a muscle cell. This is most likely due to

alternative mRNA processing.

An individual with Swyer syndrome (46, XY) differs from an individual with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) because

an individual with Klinefelter syndrome has a functional SRY gene on his Y chromosome, whereas an individual with Swyer syndrome does not.

If RNA polymerase malfunctions,

an mRNA will not be formed

Which of the following phases results in separation of sister chromatids into daughter chromosomes?

anaphase II and anaphase of mitosis

Angiogenesis contributes to carcinogenesis because it

causes blood vessels to grow into the tumor.

In the human life cycle,

diploid gametes are produced by meiosis, and fertilization produces haploid daughter cells that divide by mitosis to produce a new individual.

A proto-oncogene differs from a tumor suppressor gene because a proto-oncogene

stimulates mitosis in a normal cell, whereas a tumor suppressor gene inhibits mitosis.

A mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein needed for the M-phase checkpoint. Which of the following would likely be the immediate result of this mutation?

the cell would never enter metaphase?

Proteins are active immediately after translation occurs.

true

A homologous pair is composed of

two chromosomes with two sister chromatids each.