Ch 9 LC

If a mother had an intrachromosomal duplication, what would be the likelihood that her child would also have the intrachromosomal duplication?

50% The child would receive half of their chromosomes from the mother, so the probability of having the duplication is 50%.

is a type of polyploidy that arises from the hybridization between two different species.

Allopolyploidy

What characteristic is not necessary for a molecule that is the genetic material?

It must perform the action associated with the phenotype

The spread of a complete metaphase chromosome set presented for diagnostic purposes is called a .

Karyotype

The variety of bananas typically eaten in North America and Europe do not contain seeds and thus cannot reproduce. The plants that grow these bananas are clones of a single parent plant that have been derived through natural selection and selective breeding. In the 1950s, the Gros Michel banana was the most common banana and was nearly eradicated by disease. As a result, the most common variety today is the Cavendish banana. Due to increasingly devastating diseases that attack the cloned Cavendish bananas, researchers in Belgium have created banana cultivars that are resistant to disease. However, many countries do not wish to use these resistant bananas because they are genetically modified organisms, also called GMOs.

Select the arguments for GMO bananas. - Banana clones are infertile and cannot readily hybridize with resistant cultivars. - Inserting the resistance gene is more precise than hybridization Select the arguments against GMO bananas. - GMO bananas can be patented and can outcompete local varieties. - Little is known regarding human health and GMO bananas.

Which statement about chromosome translocation is correct?

Translocation can affect gene expression by moving a gene under the control of a different promoter.

True or false: All chromosomes of the same species would have the same centromeric positions.

True

Which term correctly describes the eukaryotic chromosome figure based on the centromere position?

acrocentric

Looping out of chromosomes is seen in meiosis in individuals heterozygous for duplications or

heterozygous for deletions. Only heterozygous individuals loop out due to different chromosomal lengths after duplication.

The sugar in DNA is called "deoxyribose" because it

is missing a 2'−OH−OH group.

Failure to separate for homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids is referred to as .

nondisjunction

The loss of both members of a homologous pair of chromosomes is known as _____.

nulli

Additional copies of a gene ___ cause cellular problems. always never sometimes

sometimes

In experiments involving tobacco mosaic virus, Fraenkel-Conrat and Singer demonstrated

that in some cases rna can be genetic material

Of all cases of primary Down syndrome, 92% is due to of Chromosome 21.

trisomy