Ch. 9 Sexual Orientation
The 4 stages of coming out
1. Admitting a homosexual orientation to oneself 2. Getting to know other homosexuals 3. Telling family and friends of one's sexual orientation 4. Complete openness about one's homosexuality
Pederasty
A same-sex sexual behavior between adult men and boys
Sexual identity development
A term for disclosing one's homosexuality or bisexuality to others
Gay
A term generally used to refer to male homosexuals, although in some places it is used to refer to homosexuals of either sex
Straight
A term used by homosexuals for a heterosexual
Sambian society
All boys engage in same-sex sexual behaviors for many years, yet the large majority grow up to have a heterosexual orientation
Asexual
An individual with a lifelong lack of sexual attraction to men or women
Heterosexual
An individual with a sexual orientation primarily to members of the opposite sex
Homosexual
An individual with a sexual orientation primarily to members of the same sex
Bisexual
An individual with a sexual orientation toward both men and women
Homophobia
An irrational fear of homosexual individuals and homosexuality
Who accepted homosexuality?
Ancient Greeks, Romans, early Christians
Researchers believe that hormones may affect sexual orientation during which time of life?
Before or shortly after birth
Recent studies suggest that _____ plays a major role in the origin of sexual orientaiton
Biology
What interacts to produce sexual orientation?
Biology and social/cultural influences
Social and cultural studies show that environment alone...
Can't explain sexual orientation
Coming out
Disclosing to others one's homosexual orientation
T/F. A bisexual is anyone who has had sex with both men and women.
False
T/F. A homosexual orientation indicates a gender identity problem.
False
T/F. A male homosexual can be made heterosexual by administering large doses of testosterone.
False
T/F. Bisexuals are people who are afraid to admit to themselves their real homosexuality.
False
T/F. Children raised by openly homosexual parents are more likely to develop a homosexual orientation than children raised by heterosexual parents.
False
T/F. Extremely effeminate ("sissy") boys always develop a homosexual orientation.
False
T/F. Homosexuals almost always act and/or dress differently from heterosexuals.
False
T/F. If one identical twin is homosexual, the other twin always is too.
False
T/F. Many homosexuals and bisexuals have gender dysphoria.
False
T/F. Most homosexuals are unhappy with their sexual orientation and would like to become heterosexual.
False
T/F. People who have had same-sex sexual experiences are, by definition, homosexual in orientation.
False
T/F. Recent studies support Kinsey's findings that 10% of American men are homosexual.
False
T/F. The pathway to heterosexual sexual identity is smooth and uniform.
False
T/F: Most lesbians have not had pleasurable sexual relations with men
False
Twins indicate a
Genetic factor
Social learning theory regards homosexuality and heterosexuality as...
Learned behaviors
Does conforming vs not conforming with gender roles always predict sexual orientation?
No
Matthew occasionally goes to bathhouses and lets other men give him oral-genital sex
Not enough info to make a guess
Tom is 12 years old, and his few sexual experiences have been exclusively with boys his age
Not enough info to make a guess
Frank has had sex with both men and women
Not enough information to make a guess
LGBT and LGBTQ
Organizations that help lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals adjust in a too-often hostile environment
Biological factors probably _______ individuals to a particular sexual orientation
Predispose
Alice enjoys sex with men most of the time, but she often enjoys sex with women as well
Probably bisexual
Diane has had sex only with men but occasionally has homosexual fantasies
Probably heterosexual
Henry has had a few same-sex sexual experiences, but has had sex only with women since he turned 15 ten years ago.
Probably heterosexual
Carl sometimes enjoys sex with women but prefers sexual relations with men
Probably homosexual
Joyce has been married and enjoyed sexual relations with her husband but now prefers sexual relations with women
Probably homosexual
Steve is 19 years old, and his only sexual experiences have been with women, but all his sexual fantasies are about men
Probably homosexual
Mary's gender identity is not consistent with her anatomical sex
Probably transgender
Michael believes he is a woman and has sex only with men
Probably transgender
The official position of the American Psychological Association and the American Medical Association is that therapists...
Should not attempt to change one's sexual orientation
Sexual prejudice
Socially reinforce negative attitudes toward homosexuals, homosexual communities, and homosexual behaviors
When did homosexuality begin to be seen as unnatural?
St. Thomas Aquinas
T/F. In some cultures, same-sex sexual behavior is considered normal for boys during adolescence.
True
T/F. Researchers have found a higher rate of concordance for homosexuality between identical twins than between nonidentical twins.
True
T/F. Studies have found that areas of the hypothalamus (in the brain) are different in male heterosexuals and homosexuals.
True
T/F. Women who have had same-sex sexual relations are more likely to be bisexual than homosexual.
True
Do the majority of homosexuals and bisexuals have strong gender identities that are consistent with their anatomical sex?
Yes
When did the American Psychiatric Association remove homosexuality as an official mental illness?
1973
What percentage of the adult population self-identify as homosexual or bisexual?
2.5%-7%
Sexual orientation
A distinct preference for sexual partners of a particular sex consistently made after adolescence in the presence of clear alternatives
Lesbian
A female homosexual
Anatomical studies have found differences in...
The brains of heterosexuals and homosexuals
