CH 9: Sustainable Development Goals

SDG's

1. No Poverty 2. Zero Hunger 3. Good Health and Well-being 4. Quality Education 5. Gender Equality 6. Clean Water and Sanitation 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth 16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Endemic

Diseases or conditions that occur regularly in a particular area.

SDG Objectives

End extreme poverty Fight inequality and injustice Tackle climate change

People

End poverty and hunger in all forms and ensure dignity and equality.

Prosperity

Ensure prosperous and fulfilling lives in harmony with nature.

Peace

Foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies.

Goal 5

Gender Equality

Social Protection Measures

Measures that are put in place to prevent individuals and families from suffering from poverty as a result of a crisis or other unexpected event - healthcare, income security for children, those who become sick or disabled and elderly.

Goal 1

No Poverty

Goal 16

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Extreme Poverty

People who live on less than US $1.25 per day.

Five Areas of Importance

People, Planet, Peace, Prosperity, Partnership

Planet

Protect our planet's natural resources and climate for future generations.

Goal 4

Quality Education

Global Health

Relates to the health of populations in a worldwide context that go beyond the perspectives and concerns of individual countries. Global health is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide.

Goal 2: Reasons

Hunger and malnutrition are the biggest contributors to child mortality Good nutrition is essential for health and optimal growth. Eliminating hunger will reduce the risk of premature death and illness which can promote productive populations as people are better able to work or attend school Hunger weakens the immune system and children become too weak to fight of disease The vast majority of the world's hungry people live in developing countries One in four children suffer stunted growth and one in seven children are underweight. Deficiency of micronutrients (iron, Vitamin A, zinc and iodine) are responsible for many deaths and disability Overweight and obesity are emerging as a global health problem.

Goal 4: Reasons

124 million children and youth are not enrolled in school and 757 million adults, two thirds of whom are women, cannot read or write limiting their employment prospects. Education promotes literacy greater employment prospects and increased income. Those who are educated are more likely to ensure their own children are educated. There are 30 million displaced children (most aren't at school). An educated population is more productive, contributing to the economy of the country. Girls and women are less likely to receive and education, at all levels, further contributing to gender inequality and poverty. Youth continue to be affected by limited employment opportunities and unemployment.

Goal 3: Reasons

Approximately 16,000 children under five continue to die every day from preventable causes - pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria. Many children have not been vaccinated Thousands of women are still dying during pregnancy or childbirth-related complications - mostly in developing countries If health improves, people can be more productive by working or attending school. Millions of people still die globally from mainly preventable causes such as communicable and non-communicable diseases. Mental health conditions, road trauma and harmful substance use contribute significantly to the global burden of disease - young people especially.

Goal 6: Description

Clean water is essential for good health and survival in which each person every day requires 20-50 litres if water for drinking, cooking and hygiene. Sanitation refers to the safe disposal of urine and faeces and the maintenance of hygienic conditions through the collection of garbage and disposal of wastewater. Having access to clean water and sanitation is a basic human right. Water transmits disease when it is contaminated by bacteria, viruses, parasites or other micro-organisms. Diarrhoea is the most widely known disease linked to contaminated water. Water scarcity affects one in three people globally women and children have to walk long distances to collect water. When water is scarce people use unsafe sources of water. There is enough fresh water on the planet to meet everyone's needs. Water used for agriculture accounts for 70% of water use

Goal 8: Reasons

Decent work and full and productive employment means people are able to earn an income Youth employment rates are three times higher than the rate for adults Nearly 2.2 billion people live below the US $2 poverty line 830 million people are considered as being the working poor workers that are living on less than US $2 per day. 1 million people, many of them children, are forced to labour long hours in environments that are not regulated to ensure their safety reduces opportunities for education and meaningful employment. Many women and girls are trafficked for their labour and subject to sexual exploitation.

Goal 8: Description

Decent work is productive work for women and men in conditions of freedom, equality, security and human dignity. It involves opportunities for work that deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families. The achievement of this goal would see an end to forced labour, slavery and human trafficking which are barriers to full and productive employment and decent work Economic growth is more likely when there is easy access to finance to help businesses either start or expand more businesses = more jobs. Quality of work, working conditions and the value society places on that is important. Women are usually paid less than men even though they might be required to perform the same duties. Many people around the world (especially in developing countries) work in conditions that violate their basic human rights

Goal 5: Description

Gender equality is a basic human right, yet women and girls do not experience gender equality gender inequality is found in every society. Women face discrimination in areas of political, economic and social life. They are denied access to basic education and healthcare and are victims of violence/discrimination in many developing countries. Women are under-represented in political and economic decision-making processes and lack access to work beyond agricultural work. The law discriminates against women in some countries not allowed to vote, own property etc.

Goal 5: Reasons

Gender equality is a human right and necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Educating women and girls is the single most effective measure to raise overall economic productivity, lower infant and maternal mortality, educate the next generation, improve nutrition and promote health. Educated mothers have fewer and healthier children Educated girls who marry later, are less likely to experience sexual violence, and are more likely to be able to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS and other diseases. 1/3 of women have been subject to physical or sexual violence. Women are still underrepresented in many aspects of political, economic and public life.

Goal 1: Targets

Goal 1 seeks to remove poverty and inequality within and among nations. The aim is to end poverty in all its forms by 2030 and includes: Eradicating extreme poverty. Reducing by half the proportion of men, women and children living in poverty. Implementing social security systems. Ensuring equal rights and access to essential resources, services, technology and financial services (including microfinance). Building the resilience of those in vulnerable situations and reducing exposure to environmental disasters that result in poverty.

Goal 3: Description

Maternal mortality refers to the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy/childbirth complications Giving birth in a clinic and the presence of skilled birth attendants significantly reduces the risk of infection during childbirth. In developing countries women need greater access to reproductive health services. Pregnancy during adolescence increases the risk of maternal mortality Children who reach their 5th birthday have a much greater chance of surviving into adulthood Access to health services (immunisations, antibiotics) could reduce U5MR significantly. Non-communicable diseases affect both developed and developing countries

Goal 6: Reasons

Millions of people globally lack access to clean, safe water and sanitation resulting in preventable illness and high mortality rates (particularly children). Every day almost 1000 children are dying from diarrhoea which is caused by contaminated water and poor sanitation Lack of access to clean water and sanitation is a major contributor to malnutrition and poverty. Every $1 US spent on sanitation brings a $5.50 return by keeping people healthy and productive. Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impact food security, livelihood choices and ability to earn an income and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. Drought affects some of the world's poorest countries worsening availability of water increasing hunger and malnutrition.

Goal 16: Description

Peaceful societies allow people to live free from violence, fear and intimidation - everyone is protected under the law regardless of race, gender, age, ethnicity or social standing. Peaceful societies respect human rights and freedoms - right to vote, access education, healthcare, have a legal identity and to be treated fairly by the justice system. Peaceful societies have strong institutions that are based on ethical principles and operate with integrity, free from corruption and bribery. When there is conflict or inadequate laws in place, sexual violence, crime, torture and exploitation are common - women and children are vulnerable particularly. Conflict results in large numbers of people being displaced.

Goal 1: Description

Poverty relates to deprivation of resources (or an inability to access resources). Poverty can be caused by a lack of income and resources but also discrimination and social exclusion. Women, youth, the elderly, migrants and people with a disability are often poor due to discrimination in developing countries. Women are more likely than men to live in poverty Social protection measures must be put in place to help people escape from poverty.

Goal 4: Description

Quality education is the foundation for improving people's lives and achieving sustainable development as education promotes literacy leads to greater employment prospects and increased income. Economic growth is dependent upon the skills of the population. Quality education develops the skills, values and attitudes that enable people to lead healthy and fulfilled lives, make informed decisions and respond to challenges. Girls are less likely to enrol in/complete their education Male children are often provided with educational opportunities before their female siblings if a family has a limited income.

Goal 6: Targets

The goal is about ensuring all people can enjoy clean water and adequate sanitation and by 2030 the aim is to: Achieve universal and equitable access to a safe, affordable and sustainable supply of drinking water. Enable access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all. Improve water quality by reducing contaminants (pollution, hazardous chemicals etc.). Increase the efficient use of water and ensure sustainable access to clean water. Support the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management.

Goal 16: Reasons

When people are not protected by the law they can be forced to leave their land, and denied access to healthcare and education. Many people do not have a legal identity because their birth wasn't registered. Lack of legal power and protection is a major reason why people fall into and remain in poverty. The number of people affected by conflict continues to increase it is one of the major barriers to development. Violence due to conflict, terrorism, corruption and war results in millions of people being displaced every year can't access education, shelter, food and employment poverty. Armed conflict destroys communities and infrastructure, disrupts markets and diverts resources away from development Women and children are vulnerable during conflict Peaceful societies allow people to live free from violence, fear and intimidation. Corruption is common in many developing countries

Goal 1: Reasons

800 million people still live in poverty. When families and individuals are poor, they are unable to purchase food, clothing, shelter, healthcare, education and lack opportunities to participate in decisions that affect their lives and the community. Poverty is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality rates. Poverty contributes to undernutrition which reduces immune function and increases mortality rates from preventable diseases A poor country cannot provide resources such as healthcare, education and social security benefits. Poverty is the main factor contributing to low levels of childhood immunisation, low levels of literacy and high death rates from infectious diseases

Goal 4: Targets

Addresses the need for all girls and boys to have equal access to high quality education at all levels, from pre-primary through to tertiary and to develop the vocational skills needed for employment. By 2030, the aim of the goal is to: Ensure all children complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education. Increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills for employment. Eliminate all disparities in education - people with disabilities, indigenous people and the vulnerable. Ensure all youth and adults have adequate literacy and numeracy skills. Build and upgrade education facilities. Increase the number of qualified teachers.

Goal 3: Targets

Aims to promote physical and mental health and wellbeing, and extend life expectancy by addressing major causes of morbidity/mortality in both developed and developing countries. By 2030, this goal aims to: Reduce maternal mortality (less than 70 per 100 000 live births). Prevent deaths of newborns and children under 5. End epidemics of communicable diseases/infectious diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases Reduce injuries and death from road traffic accidents as well as substance abuse. Achieve universal health coverage - healthcare, medications, and vaccines.

Goal 6

Clean Water and Sanitation

Goal 8

Decent Work and Economic Growth

Goal 5: Targets

Gender equality refers to the situation where women and men have the same level of power and control over all aspects of their lives. The goal seeks to end discrimination and violence against women and girls and by 2030 the aim is to: End all forms of discrimination and violence (including human trafficking and sexual exploitation) against all women and girls everywhere. Eliminate harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Ensue women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life. Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and rights.

Poverty

General scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money.

Goal 3

Good Health and Wellbeing

Partnership

Implement the agenda, through a solid global partnership.

Relative Poverty

Living on less than 50% of the average income of a country.

Sustainable Agriculture

The capacity of agricultural practices over time to provide sufficient food in ways that are economically efficient and profitable, socially responsible and environmentally sound.

Hunger

The continuing lack of food needed for an active and healthy life.

Goal 16: Targets

This goal is about building peaceful and inclusive societies that respect human rights. It is about reducing all forms of violence, strengthening laws, promoting human rights and working with governments and communities to find sustainable solutions to conflict. By 2030 the aim is to: Reduce all forms of violence and related deaths. End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against children. Reduce corruption, bribery and organised crime. Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels. Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in global governance. Provide legal identity for all, including birth registration. Ensure equal justice for all.

Food Security

When all people can obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through non-emergency sources.

Human Trafficking

When people are traded, usually for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labour, or commercial sexual exploitation.

Impoverishment

When people become poor as a result of a crisis such as illness, loss of a job or natural disasters.

Undernutrition

When people do not have enough food to meet their daily energy requirements.

Malnutrition

When there is a lack of specific nutrients required for the body to function effectively.

Chronic Poverty

Where people spend most of their lifetime in poverty and it is passed on to their children.

Goal 2

Zero Hunger

Goal 2: Targets

o Goal 2 aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition, making sure all people - especially children and the more vulnerable - have access to nutritious food all year round by promoting sustainable agriculture. By 2030 the aim of the goal is to: End hunger and ensure access for all people (especially the poor and people in vulnerable situations) to safe, nutritious and sufficient food. End all forms of malnutrition. Address trade restrictions that disadvantage farmers - particularly in developing countries. Aims to improve sustainable agricultural productivity including adapting to climate change and extreme weather conditions.

Goal 2: Description

o Hunger is defined as the continuing lack of food needed for an active and healthy life o The causes of hunger and a lack of food security are due to factors such as poverty, conflict, global economic and political systems, increasing food prices and climate change. o Sustainable agriculture provides enough food in ways that are economically efficient but do not harm the environment and ensures agricultural resources are available for future generations. o Goal 2 recognises that changes need to be made in global food and agriculture systems in order to meet the nutritional needs of the additional 2 billion people in 2050.