Ch1

According to the recent American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand on physical activity and weight loss, how many minutes of exercise per week has been associated with clinically significant weight loss. A. 30 B. 60 C. 100 D. 150 E. More than 250

150

How many average minutes per day of moderate exercise is recommended? A. 15 B. 20 C. 30 D. 45

30 minutes

Which of the following would be considered a component of health-related fitness? A. Flexibility B. Speed C. Power D. Skill

A. Flexibility

Which of the following factors does NOT support the concept that sports nutrition is becoming increasingly important for optimal athletic performance? A. The published literature about nutrition for sports is limited to information from sports magazines and books B. An organization known as SCAN was created due to concern about sports nutrition C. National and international food product corporations are manufacturing food products specifically for the athlete D. Courses in sports nutrition have been developed at many colleges

A. The published literature about nutrition for sports is limited to information from sports magazines and books

Which of the following is the key principle underlying the adaptations to exercise that may provide a wide array of health benefits, and incorporates the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise? A. Overload B. Progression C. Reversibility D. Overuse E. Specificity

B. Progression

Which basic principle of exercise training (and how they apply to exercise training) is associated with the concept that cardiovascular-respiratory training will enhance adaptations primarily in the heart whereas resistance training will enhance adaptations primarily in the skeletal muscles? A. Overuse B. Overload C. Specificity D. Progression E. Reversibility

C. Specificity

Which of the following is not a health-related fitness component? A. Body composition B. Cardiovascular fitness C. Speed D. Flexibility E. Muscular strength

C. Speed

Which of the following is true of ergogenic aids? A. They may only be classified as mechanical or nutritional B. There are a number of theoretical nutritional aids, but they are limited to the vitamin and mineral supplements C. Supplementation is necessary for most athletes to improve their performance D. All essential nutrients are considered to be legal for use in conjunction with athletic competition

D. All essential nutrients are considered to be legal for use in conjunction with athletic competition

Dietary supplements may contain A. essential vitamins and minerals. B. herbal products such as gingko. C. various amino acids. D. All of these choices are correct.

D. All of the above choices are correct

Malnutrition may exist A. when an individual does not receive an adequate intake of nutrients. B. when an individual consumes excessive amounts of single or multiple nutrients. C. to such an extent that insufficient energy may impair athletic performance. D. All of these choices are correct.

D. All of the above choices are correct

According to research, which of the following athletic groups appear to be obtaining adequate nutrition? A. Gymnasts B. Runners C. Ballet dancers D. Football players

D. Football players

Which of the following is true of experimental research? A. The results of a single study are sufficient to prove a theory B. It is essential to establishing a cause and effect relationship C. It is an easy task to control risk factors in free-living humans D. It involves studying large populations to find relationships between two or more variables

D. It involves studying large populations to find relationships between two or more variables

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of physical activity? A. reduced levels of depression and anxiety B. improved control of body weight and body fatness C. reduced risk of developing diabetes D. prevention of skin cancer E. reduced risk of osteoporosis, or frail bones

D. Prevention of skin cancer

Sound nutritional research involving exercise performance is best performed using placebo controls, crossover designs, and double-blinded use of nutritional ergogenics. In which of the following publications would you be LEAST likely to find such a study? A. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism B. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise C. Journal of the American Dietetics Association D. Runner's World E. Journal of Applied Physiology

D. Runners world

Nutrients perform three major functions in the human body. Among these is: A. providing energy, with protein being the prime source. B. regulating body processes with fat being the prime contributor. C. building and repairing body tissues with vitamins and minerals being the prime source. D. building and repairing body tissues with protein being the prime source.

D. building and repairing body tissues with protein being the prime source.

The leading cause of death in the United States is A. infectious diseases. B. cancer. C. stroke. D. diseases of the heart.

D. diseases of the heart.

An ergogenic aid is something that is A. added to a food to increase its nutrient value. B. designed to increase potential for work output, such as in sport. C. used to restore nutrients removed in processing. D. a legal term used by the FDA to designate nutritional supplements that may enhance health status. E. a device used to facilitate the measurement of energy in a food.

Designed to increase potential for work output, such as in sport.

Which of the following groups of athletes may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency due to inadequate or sporadic caloric intake? A. gymnasts and ballet dancers B. endurance athletes attempting to improve efficiency through weight loss C. wrestlers attempting to make a low weight class D. bodybuilders trying to attain a low body fat percentage E. all of these groups may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency

E all of these groups may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency

Although exercise may confer many health benefits, excessive exercise may actually impair health. Which of the following is a potential health problem associated with excessive exercise? A. Orthopedic problems. B. Impaired immune functions. C. Heat illness and kidney failure. D. Heart attack. E. All of these choices are correct.

E. All of these choices are correct

Based on recent recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association relative to exercise and health benefits for adults, which of the following statements is false? A. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise should be done for a minimum of 30 minutes daily on 5 days each week B. Vigorous-intensity exercise may be done for a minimum of 20 minutes on 3 days each week C. Each daily exercise bout of aerobic exercise may be done continuously or in smaller segments, such as three 10-minute bouts D. In general, more is better as exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of exercise may provide additional health benefits E. Resistance exercise, including exercises for the major muscle groups in the body, is recommended at least 5, and preferably 7 days per week

E. Resistance exercise, including exercises for the major muscle groups in the body, is recommended at least 5, and preferably 7 days per week

Epidemiological research involves studying large populations to find a cause and effect relationship between two or more variables

False

Moderate amounts of daily physical activity will benefit only middle age and older adults.

False

More than 90 percent of American youth obtain an hour or more of vigorous physical activity daily.

False

Physical activity must be strenuous to achieve any significant health benefits.

False

Studies reveal that athletes are knowledgeable about nutrition and, in general, they are consuming more than the RDA for all nutrients.

False

The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association note that participation in regular physical activity improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay type 1 diabetes.

False

Thirty minutes of walking accumulated throughout the day is not as beneficial as one uninterrupted walking session for achieving health benefits.

False

Unstructured physical activity includes many of the usual activities of daily life and does not provide any protection against the development of certain chronic diseases.

False

Success in sport is based primarily upon superior athletic ability, which in turn depends mostly on which of these two major factors? A. Mechanical and psychological coaching and training B. Biomechanical and physiological characteristic C. Natural genetic endowment and state of training D. Psychological and physiological genetic characteristics

Natural genetic endowment and state of training

The most prevalent ergogenic aids (performance enhancing) used to increase sport performance are those classified as A. physiological. B. nutritional. C. pharmacological. D. mechanical.

Nutritional

According to studies, female athletes are more likely than males to incur inadequate nutrient intake.

True

Although rather rare, exercise may cause sudden death in some susceptible individuals, such as individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

True

Epidemiological research helps scientists identify important relationships between diet and health.

True

Epidemiological research may provide a relative risk (RR), which represents the increase or decrease in risk that may be associated with specific dietary practices.

True

Exercise can be used to help prevent and even treat many chronic diseases

True

Exercise programs, especially for older adults, should be individualized based on physical fitness level and health status.

True

Genetic endowment sets the limits for sport performance in any given individual, but training programs have become more intense and individualized, and significant performance gains may occur in most individuals who undertake such training.

True

Health-related fitness includes a healthy body weight, cardiovascular-respiratory fitness, adequate muscular strength and muscular endurance, and sufficient flexibility.

True

Heat shock proteins are produced by muscle cells during exercise and may have beneficial health effects.

True

In general, most nutrition scientists recommend that the nutrients we need should be obtained from natural, wholesome foods, and the routine use of dietary supplements is not recommended for most individuals.

True

Leisure walking may be adequate physical activity for elderly individuals with compromised health status or very low fitness levels.

True

Physical inactivity may be dangerous to your health. Exercise, as a form of physical activity, is becoming increasingly important as a means to achieve health benefits, and even treat many chronic diseases.

True

Sports performance is primarily determined by genetic characteristics and state of training, but nutritional strategies may be used to enhance performance in certain sports.

True

The joint report of the American Heart Association and the American College of Sports Medicine indicates that although there are some health benefits from moderate intensity exercise, the report also recommends vigorous exercise several times weekly may confer some additional benefits.

True

The key to sound nutrition for the athletic individual is to eat a wide variety of healthful foods.

True

The nutrients that are primarily responsible for helping to regulate bodily processes are A. carbohydrates and fat. B. vitamins, minerals, and protein. C. carbohydrate, fat, and minerals. D. fat, protein, and carbohydrates

Vitamins,minerals, and protein