ch10: Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders

What's the desirable amount of body fat for a women?

21-35% of body weight

Hospitalization is deemed necessary when a person with anorexia nervosa falls below _______ of expected weight.

75%

Which of following scenarios supports argument that environment plays large role in weight gain?

Even though the gene pool has not changed much, the rate of obesity has risen in the past 50 years

Which diet plan would be most useful for someone who enjoys eating ethnic foods?

Mediterranean Diet Pyramid

_______ management prepares one for situations that may trigger overeating or hinder physical activity.

contingency

When is a common symptom associated with binge eating disorer?

depression

When is exercise considered excessive?

When a person exercises despite injury, during illness, done at inappropriate times and place

Psychological treatment should come _______ treatment for extreme weight loss for patients with bulimia nervosa who have lost significant weight.

after

Patients with bulimia nervosa _______ strict rules about healthy food choices.

are discourage from following

Vomiting and use of laxatives _______ effective ways to prevent weight gain.

are not

Energy _______ is the relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure

balance

A _______ disorder often brought on by stress, lack of appropriate coping mechanisms, dysfunctional family relationships, and drug abuse. It involves emotional and cognitive changes that affect how people perceive and experience their bodies.

eating

Which of following describe binge eating?

eating excessive amount of food, eating during discrete period of time, feeling a lack of control over what is eaten

A person whose weight for height falls within a BMI range of 18.5-24.9 kilograms /meters^2 would be considered _______.

healthy weight

Which of the following organs utilizes the least amount of energy while a person is resting?

heart

How many kcal/lb does adipose tissue contain?

3,500

Women with over _______ body fat are considered obese.

35%

A waist circumference of more than _______ inches in men is an indicator of upper-body obesity.

40

What's the percent rate for depression in patients with bulimia nervosa?

50%

If energy intake exceeds energy expended, the result is

positive energy balance

The sensory aspects of food and knowledge that a meal has been eaten will trigger the feelings of _______.

satiety

What's term for a state that's brought about when we feel satisfaction and no longer have the desire to eat?

satiety

What are some behavior modification principles for weight loss and control that relate to shopping?

shop from list, avoid ready-to-eat foods

Which type of food will strongly stimulate satiety mechanisms?

solid foods

What are some characteristics of phycological therapy for patients with anorexia nervosa?

teach patients how to regain control of their lives, establish a strong relationship with a therapist, identify underlying emotional problems

Which characteristics describe a person with anorexia nervosa?

they have a false body perception, body weight is less than 85% of what is expected, maintain rigid lifestyle control

Which of following are health consequences associated with weight cycling?

upper-body fat deposition, reduced self-esteem, lowered HDL levels

_______ metabolism represents the minimum amount of energy expended in a fasting state to keep a resting, awake body alive in a warm, quiet envireonment.

Basal

Which condition is associated with the excessive concern over underdeveloped muscles, consumption of steroids and supplements, and hours devoted to weight lifting?

Bigorexia (muscle dysmorphia)

_______ _______ is an eating disorder in which large quantities of food are eaten at one time and counteracted by purging food from body, fasting,/excessive exercise

Bulimia Nervosa

_______ calorimetry estimates energy expenditure by measuring the amount of body heat released by a person.

Direct

_______ eating can be defined as mild and short-term changes in eating patterns that occur in response to a stressful event, illness, or desire to modify diet for health/ personal appearance reasons. It can lead to changes in weight, but rarely requires professional alteration.

Disordered

_______ is/are more common in women

Eating disorders

_______ diets may lead to some immediate weight loss simply because daily energy intake is monitored and food choices are monotonous, but they rarely lead to lasting weight loss or help retain eating and exercise habits.

Fad

_______, or gastric bypass surgery, commonly called stomach stapling, may be recommended for people who are morbidly obese, have no major psychiatric disorders, have been obese at least 5 years. It involves reducing the size of the stomach so that less food is consumed.

Gastroplasty

_______ - _______ theory proposes that humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat content, which the body closely regulates.

Set-point

_______ is a symptom of anorexia nervosa characterized by downy hairs that appear on the body after a person has lost much body fat through semistarvation.

Lanugo

_______ syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting muscles and skeleton, characterized by tallness, long arms, and little subcutaneous fat.

Marfan

Which syndrome is characterized by shortness, mental retardation, and uncontrolled appetite, caused by dysfunction of nervous system, leading to extreme obesity?

Prader-Willi syndrome

_______ is a term coined by the popular press to describe women who decreases calories and exercise excessively to control weight gain during pregnancy.

Pregorexia

Which method of measuring body fat has the ability to detect obesity, osteoporosis, and other health conditions?

dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Which of following strategies can aid in prevention of an eating disorder?

encourage eating only when hungry, provide information about normal changes that occur during puberty, discourage restrictive dieting, eating meals as a family unit

What type of energy balance occurs when calories consumed from food and beverages match amount of energy expended?

energy equilibrium

Which statement about exercise is true?

even expending only 100 to 300 extra kcal/day can lead to steady weight loss

Select best strategies to use when maintaining weight.

exercise regularly, watch caloric intake

Number of cases of binge eating disorder are _______ that of either anorexia or bulimia nervosa.

far greater than

The medication known as orlistat helps with weight loss by decreasing the absorption of _______.

fat

Low body weight, decreased body temperature, slower metabolic rate, are all effects caused by hormonal responses associated with which eating disorder?

anorexia nervosa

Psychological therapy for patients with which eating disorders involves learning to reject sense of accomplishment patients associate with emaciated body and begin to accept themselves at a healthy weight?

anorexia nervosa

What are 3 main types of eating disorders?

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder

What's the first goal of nutrition therapy for patients with anorexia nervosa?

gain patient's trust and cooperation

Which hormone, made by the stomach, stimulates eating?

ghrelin

Low-fat diets are more likely to be high in which of the following foods?

grains, fruits, vegetables

3 main reasons the body uses energy, is to support

basal metabolism, the digestion and absorption of consumed nutrients, physical activities

A diagnosis of Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder (UFED) is given when a physician does not specify how a patient does not meet the criteria for _______.

binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa

The _______ method estimates body fat content by sending a painless, low-energy electrical current through the body.

bioelectrical impedence

Low-carbohydrate diets often lead to the loss of ______.

body protein

Dental decay, drops in blood potassium levels, swollen salivary glands, stomach ulcers, and constipation are all health problems associated with which eating disorder?

bulimia nervosa

Treating depression, altering the "all-or-none" thinking, and developing coping mechanisms for the desire to binge and purge are all components of psychological therapy for which eating disorder?

bulimia nervosa

What are two factors that greatly contribute to our drive to eat?

hunger, appetite

Select health conditions that are related to obesity.

hypertension, type 2 diabetes, sleep disorders

The _______ is a center in the brain that both inhibits and encourages food intake. If signals stimulate the satiety centers of this area, we stop eating. If signals stimulate the feeding centers of this area, we eat more.

hypothalamus

Which statements about the thermic effect of food are true?

if daily energy intake were 3000 calories, TEF would account for 150-300 calories, TEF accounts for 5-10% of energy consumed each day, it's defined as energy body uses to digest , absorb, transport, store, and metabolize nutrients consumed in the diet

_______ body obesity is more often related to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.

Upper

How long should a person who wants to lose weight for good plan on making dietary changes last?

a lifetime

What's indirect calorimetry?

a method used to determine energy use that collects expired air from an individual during a specified amount of time

Which factor would decrease basal metabolism?

aging after 30 years

Of the body fat measurements that estimate body volume, which one is the most accurate?

air displacement

Which body volume measurement technique determines body fat by measuring the amount of space a person takes up inside a small chamber, like a BodPod?

air displacement

_______ restructuring changes one's frame of mind regarding eating. For example, instead of using a difficult day as an excuse to overeat, substitute another pleasure or reward.

cognitive

An individual's basal metabolism declines during times of famine by shifting into _______.

conservation mode

Greater muscle mass, larger body surface area, and recent exercise are all factors that would _______ a person's basal metabolism.

increase

What are some benefits of incorporating weight training into an exercise routine?

increased lean body mass, increased metabolic rate

Physical activity _______ energy expenditure above and beyond basal energy needs.

increases

Which of following criteria are used to diagnose anorexia nervosa?

intense fear of gaining weight, Amenorrhea, refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height

What's the definition of stimulus control?

it alters the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating.

The success of _______ energy density diets may be because foods low in energy density provide bigger portions for a given number of calories.

low

Which type of weight loss approach is the most successful in long-term studies?

low energy density

Genes can influence body weight by determining _______.

metabolic rate, factors that influence hunger and satiety, body type

A _______ energy balance occurs when energy intake is less than energy expenditure. Weight loss often occurs because energy stored in the body is used to make up for the decreased energy intake.

negative

Anorexia ________ is an eating disorder involving psychological loss or denial of appetite followed by self-starvation; it's related to a distorted body image and to social pressures

nervosa

Novelty diets that propose that "food gets stuck in your body" recommend _______.

not consuming certain foods or eating them only at certain times of the day

What are some behavior modification principles for weight loss and control that relate to holidays and parties?

plan eating behavior before parties, drink fewer alcoholic beverages, eat a low calorie snack before parties

BMI standards are not appropriate for which of the following groups?

pregnant women, children, teens, older adults

Which components of a sound weight loss of diet relate to behavior modification?

promote reasonable changes, focuses on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, includes plans for relapse,, rate of loss

Eating disorders are frequently accompanied by _______ disorders like depression, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders.

psychological

Identify which of following are weight control objectives from Healthy People 2020?

reduce proportion of children, adolescents, and adults who are obese, increase proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight

What are some components of a sound weight loss program?

regular physical activity, control of problem behaviors, control of energy intake

What are 4 behaviors for successful weight loss maintenance outlined by the National Weight Registry.

self-monitor by weighing oneself and keeping a food journal, eat low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, eat breakfast, have a physical activity plan

What are some red flags that often indicate a fad diet?

simplistic conclusions drawn from a complex study, recommendations that promise a quick fix, claims that sound too good to be true

Which method used to calculate body fat uses calipers to measure the fat layer directly under the skin?

skinfold thickness

Lean tissue and water, rather than adipose tissue, account for _______ of weight lost when loss exceeds a few pounds a week.

the major part

The _______ effect of food (TEF) is energy the body uses to digest, absorb, transport, store, and metabolize the nutrients consumed in the diet. It accounts for about 5-10% of energy consumed each day.

thermic

_______ is the process of heat production by humans

thermogenesis

Self-monitoring helps people

understand more about their habits, reveal food eating patterns

Active children and teens that do not consume enough calories may become _______.

underweight

Which of following criteria are characteristics of bulimia nervosa?

use of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas, recurrent episodes of binge eating, recurrent episodes of purging, loss of control

people with binge eating disorder are _______ in controlling it without professional help.

usually unsuccessful

Which condition is also referred to as the "health eating disorder?"

Orthorexia

Aging, female gender, sedentary lifestyle, and a high-calorie diet are some of the factors that contribute to _______.

obesity, fat storage