Ch.10 Section 1

Nicholas Copernicus

He believed in a heliocentric, or sun-centered, conception of the universe. He argued that the Sun was at the center of the universe. The planets revolved around the sun., He believed in a heliocentric, or sun-centered, conception of the universe. He argued that the Sun was at the center of the universe. The planets revolved around the sun.

rationalism

a system of thought expounded by Rene Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

scientific method

a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world.

Ptolemy

ancient scientist who said earth was the center of the universe

heliocentric

having the sun as the center., based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe.

universal law of gravitation

one of Newton's rules of motion that explains that planets are held in their orbits by gravity

Rene Descartes

the 'father of modern rationalism', he rejected everything he was ever taught and all assumptions of his senses and decided to only accept what his reason could prove true. In his Discourse on Method, he explained his belief that one can start with self-evident truths and deduce more complex conclusions (deductive method)

inductive reasoning

the doctrine that scientists should proceed from the particular to the general by making systematic observations and carefully organized experiments to test hypotheses or theories, a process that will lead to correct general principles

Johannes Kepler

scientist who expanded on Copernicus's Heliocentric theory; calculated that not only is the sun the center of the solar system, but that the planetary orbit around the sun is elliptical, not circular

Isaac Newton

English Scientist. 3 Laws of motion. Mathematics Principal of Natural Philosophy (1687). User-contributed

Francis Bacon

English philosopher who developed scientific method; believed that instead of relying on the ideas of ancient authorites, scientists should use inductive reasoning to learn about nature; wanted science to benefit industry, agriculture, and trade

Margret Cavendish

Female scientist who believed that humans have no power over nature

Galileo Galilei

Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist. His telescopes proved the sun is the center of the solar system and that the planets/moon move. He was persecuted for supporting Copernicus' ideas.

ptolemaic system

Ptolemy's model of the universe with the Earth at the center.

Maria Winkleman

Worked with her astronomer husband as an assistant; discovered a comet; applied to continue his work at the Berlin Academy, but denied because of gender