Ch11

Amines

hormones derived from tyrosine and tryptophan

hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

oxytocin and adh are transported here from the prosterior pituitary and released appropriately

Aldosterone

A mineralcorticord stimulates kidneys to retain Na+ and water while exceeding k+ helps increase blood pressure and electrolyte balance

Functions of Calcium

Facilities muscle contraction, part of the second messenger system of some hormones and realized neurotransmitter from hormones

Which anterior puituitary hormones target the gonads

Follicle stimulating hormone Lutenizing hormone

steroid hormones

Gland:adrenal cortex which secretes corticosteroids and gonads which secretes sex steroids

The realse of which hormone from the anterior pituitary is under control of two hypothalamic hormones

Growth hormone

Synergist

When two or more hormones work together to produce a particular result may be additive or complementary

Phosphlipase c splits a particular menbrane into

Ip3 and DAG

Ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males is stimulated by

Lh hormone

Hormones are soluble in lipids that are

Lipophilic

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Regulates cortisol

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Regulates sodium ,potassium and water balance

Oxytocin functions to

Smoth muscle contraction of the uterus during child birth and milk enjections from mammary ducts

Steriods

Steriod hormone are derived from cholesterol after an enzyme cleaves off the side to carbon d ring ex:testosterone,estradiol and cortisol

Which of the following can affect the release of the anterior pituitary hormones

-Negative feedback -positive feeback -higher Brian center -hypothalamic hormones

Actions of Luteinizing hormone

-Stimulates an ovulated follicle to become a corpus luteum -stimulates ovulation In females -stimulates the secretion of testosterone from the interstitial cells of the testes in males

permissive effect

Action of a hormone hormone when it enhances the responsiveness of a target organ to the second hormone when it increases activity of second hormone

Is important for the r realse of neurotransmitters excitation coiling In muscle cells and second mesenger hormones

Calcium

Choose the types of hormones that are lipophilic

Corticosteroids Sex steriods Thyroid hormones

down regulation

Desensitization cells less sensitive to hormone

Hypothalomo- hypophyseal portal system is

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

The pineal gland is located

In the roof of the third ventricle of the Brain

Adrenal medulla hormone functions

Increase cardiac output and heart rate , dilate coronary blood vessels , increase mental alterness , increase resonators rate and elevated metabolic rate

Glycoproteins

Molecules consist of a protein bound to one or more carbohydrate groups ex:fsh,Lh

Secretion of most hypothalamic regulatory hormones and hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary is under control of

Negative feedback

lipophobic hormones

Non polar hormones soluble in lipids

Antagonist

One hormone affects the other one ex:during pregnancy location is inhibited because of high concentration of estrogen in blood inhibits secretion and action of prolactin ex: action if jnsulin and glucagon on adipose tissue

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Origin: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: adrenal cortex Effect: secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticoterone)

FSH, LH, TSH

Origin: anterior pituitary effects: stimulation of growth, development, and secretory activity of target glands

Oxytocin

Origin: posterior pituitary effect: uterine and mammary contraction

Antidiruetic hormone (ADH)

Origin: prosterior pituitary effect:water retention and vasoconstriction Targets:kidneys

parathyroid hormone

Origin:parathyroid effects: increased blood ca2+ concentration

What are the 3 major enzymes activated by second messenger system

Phospholipase C Tyrosine kinase Adenylate cyclase

Phosphalipase c is an located in the

Plasma membrane

Actions of prolactin

Plays a role in regulation of the male reproductive system, stimulates production of mammary glands and acts on the kidney to regulate water and electrocute balance

upregulation

Priming effect more sensitive to hormone

Functions for thyroid hormone

Promote maturation if nervous system Stimulate protein systhesis Elevate the basal metabolic rate Increase cellular respiration

Humoral stimulus

Realse it's hormones when some other hormone binds to it

Hormonal stimulus

Realse it's hormones when there is a certain change in levels of a nutrient or Jon in blood

When the extra cellular signals , like hormones are transducer into intercellular signals the intercellular signals are called

Second messengers

Lh

This hormone and fsh are called gonadotropic hormones . Stimulates ovulation in ovulated ovarian follicle and in males it stimulates sex hormones

One of the main functions of ___ is to raise the basal metabolic rate of body

Thyroid hormone

halflife

Time required for the plasma concentration of a given amount of hormones to be reduced in half range from minuettes to hours

Neural stimulus

When a neuron stimulate si t