Ch.14.2—unit 4: What Are the Advantages / Disadvantages of Using Oil?

Pretrochemicals

Chemicals obtained by refining (distilling) crude oil. They are used as raw materials in manufacturing most industrial chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides, plastics, plastics, synthetic fibers, paints, medicines, & other products

refining

Complex process in which crude oil is heated and vaporized in giant columns and separated, by use of varying boiling points, into various products such as gasoline, heating oil, and asphalt. ((remove impurities or unwanted elements from (a substance), typically as part of an industrial process. ) —-> ______ is used since crude oil straight from well can't be used • *petrochemicals*

proven oil reserves

Identified deposits from which conventional crude oil can be extracted profitably at current prices with current technology (Geologist have estimated amount fo crude oil existing in identified oil deposits) • Venezuela / Saudi Arabia have largest shares of world's ________

The benefits of using oil as an energy source include ample supply for the near future, medium net energy, low land disruption, & an efficient distribution system

Identify benefits of using oil as an energy source?

The drawbacks include water pollution from spills & leaks, environmental costs are not included in price, release of CO2 and other air pollutants, and vulnerability to international supply disruption

Identify drawbacks of using oil as an energy source ?

Bitumen (oil sands/ tar sands)

The heaviest, thickest form of petroleum. • A degraded petroleum that forms when petroleum migrates to the surface of Earth and is modified by bacteria.

• conventional crude oil is abundant & has a medium net energy, but when burned causes air & water pollution and releases climate-changing CO2 to atmosphere • unconventional heavy oil from oil shale rock & oil sands exists in potentially large supplies but has a low net energy & higher environmental impact than conventional oil has

What Are the Advantages / Disadvantages of Using Oil?

crude oil (petroleum)

• Gooey liquid consisting mostly of hydrocarbon compounds and small amounts of compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Extracted from underground accumulations, it is sent to oil refineries, where it is converted to heating oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, tar, and other materials. • *we depend heavily* on _____ • geologists take seismic surveys and use this info to produce *3-dimensional seismic map* that shows locations / sizes of various rock formations (including those containing _____ & natural gas) —-> drill a well —-> over time well could become *peak production* • transport _____ through pipelines

peak production (oil)

• Point in time when the pressure in an oil well drops and its rate of conventional crude oil production starts declining, usually a decade or so; for a group of wells or for a nation, the point at which all wells on average have passed peak production. ( *time after which production from a well declines* )

shale oil

• Slow-flowing, dark brown, heavy oil obtained when kerogen in oil shale is vaporized at high temperatures and then condensed. Shale oil can be refined to yield gasoline, heating oil, and other petroleum products • heavy oil extracted from oil shale rock = ______ ( *heavy oil has a high environmental impact* )

Oil sands (tar sands)

• deposits of sand containing a heavy form of crude oil called *bitumen* • Deposit of a mixture of clay, sand, water, & varying amounts of a tar-like heavy oil known as bitumen. Bitumen can be extracted from tar sand by heating. It is then purified & upgraded to synthetic crude oil