CH15 Hist 1302
What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?
Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners.
Analyze the map, and identify each of the regions below as having either a high or a low concentration of sharecropping activity around the year 1880.
High Concentration: far northern Alabama inland South Carolina inland Georgia
Redeemers
Post-Civil War Democratic leaders who supposedly saved the South from Yankee domination and preserved the primarily rural economy.
Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1876?
Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won the popular vote. The disputed electoral votes were in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.
Click or tap to identify the first former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union, during Reconstruction.
Tennessee
Click or tap to identify the last four former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union, as Reconstruction came to a close.
Texas, Mississippi, Georgia, Virginia
In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day. The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner.
How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?
They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. They did not allow blacks to vote. They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites. They prohibited blacks from serving on juries.
How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution?
They established the federal government as the protector of rights. They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.
Why was education so important to freed blacks?
They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace. They wanted to be able to read the Bible. They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics.
Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote. T or F?
True
Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period
True
Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted
blacks who became landowners African-American political leaders white Republicans teachers
What does it reveal about the realities of emancipation?
correct: -Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land -former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters -Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation
Why did southern planters and merchants oppose Reconstruction and the new state governments?
correct: -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. -Reconstruction governments were corrupt.
Ku Klux Klan
founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American
Match the descriptions of white Republicans in the South during Reconstruction to the correct term.
i am going to list the answers below separately
Black Codes
laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit african american workers
Freedman's Bureau
provided: food, clothing, jobs, medical care, schools for former slaves and the poor whites
The Liberal Republican Party began to side with Democrats in believing that the federal government's power had grown too much during the war and needed to be curtailed.
true
Andrew Johnson --- the Civil Rights Bill because he ----- in black equality. Ultimately, Johnson believed that political power rested with the ---.
vetoed, did not believe, states
In the speech, Douglass presented his vision for America. Select the specific excerpts below where Douglass argues for equal rights for people of all races and national origins.
"Would you have them naturalized, and have them invested with all the rights of American citizenship? I would. Would you allow them to hold office? I would." "all shall here bow to the same law, speak the same language, support the same government, enjoy the same liberty."
Select the areas of the map that cast their electoral votes for Republican candidate Ulysses S. Grant in the election of 1868.
-21 -5 -8
Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.
-African-American political leaders -white Republicans -blacks who became landowners
In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
-Freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner -freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day
carpetbaggers
-Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain. -Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. an insulting term used to describe a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war
Carpetbaggers
-Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain. -Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South.an insulting term used to describe a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war
Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?
-Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Reconstruction governments were corrupt.
Why did southern planters and merchants oppose Reconstruction and the new state governments?
-Reconstruction governments were corrupt. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped.
Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1876?
-The disputed electoral votes were in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana. -Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won the popular vote.
Read the excerpt below from A Sharecropping Contract (1866). In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
-The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner -The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day
carpetbaggers
-Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. -Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain.
How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?
-They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites. -They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. -They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. -They did not allow blacks to vote.
How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution?
-They established the federal government as the protector of rights. -They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.
How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?
-They required states to offer free college education. -They prohibited states from electing black officeholders.
Why was education so important to freed blacks during this era?
-They wanted to be able to read the Bible. -They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics. -They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace.
Which of the following choices correctly describe former slaves' views of landownership during this era?
-They were entitled to land because of their unpaid labor. -It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control.
Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.
-abolition of slavery -pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments
Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.
-by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery -by traveling -by attending mass meetings and religious services
Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.
-creation of new state governments -temporary division of the South into military districts, -state guarantees of black men's right to vote, -the Fourteenth Amendment
Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.
-defined all persons born in the United States as citizens -ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights
Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.
-the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks -the economic depression of the early 1870s -the growth of Democratic power in Congress -northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership
Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.
-the economic depression of the early 1870s -the growth of Democratic power in Congress -the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks -northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership
Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.
-white Republicans -teachers -blacks who became landowners -African-American political leaders
List the following events of Reconstruction in chronological order.
1. Thirteenth Amendment 2. Civil Rights Bill of 1866 3. Fourteenth Amendment 4. Ku Klux Klan established 5. Enforcement Acts
Match the correct label to each map to explain what the two maps of the Barrow plantation in Georgia reveal about the effects of emancipation on rural life in the South.
1860: -In 1860, slaves lived in communal quarters near the owner's house. 1881: -In 1881, former slaves working as sharecroppers lived all over the plantation.
Identify the ways in which blacks celebrated their freedom.
567 by attending mass meetings and religious services by purchasing guns and alcohol by traveling
Why was education so important to freed blacks?
568 They wanted to be able to read the Bible. They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace. They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics.
Identify the functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.
568 a place for social gatherings a political gathering spot housed schools a place of worship
Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote.
568-569 True
Describe the new systems of labor that emerged in the South.
573 The task system survived in the rice kingdoms of South Carolina and Georgia, while wage labor was preferred in Louisiana's sugar plantations. Sharecropping came to dominate in the cotton and tobacco regions of Virginia and North Carolina.
The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom.
575, 578 False
Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.
579 Pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union State conventions to establish new, loyal state governments Refusal to pay Confederate debts Abolition of slavery Repudiation of secession Appointment of provisional governors
Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.
582 ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights defined all persons born in the United States as citizens
The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.
593 False
How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?
596-597 Enforcement Acts
Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?
596-597 Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks. Republicans began to face criticism from their constituencies about the cost of Reconstruction.
The Liberal Republican Party began to side with Democrats in believing that the federal government's power had grown too much during the war and needed to be curtailed.
597 True
Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.
597-598 The Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership The growth of Democratic power in Congress The economic depression of the early 1870s
The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.
599-600 True
Slaughterhouse Cases
A series of post-Civil War Supreme Court cases containing the first judicial pronouncements on the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. The Court held that these amendments had been adopted solely to protect the rights of freed blacks, and could not be extended to guarantee the civil rights of other citizens against deprivations of due process by state governments. These rulings were disapproved by later decisions.
impeachment
Bringing charges against a public official; for example, the House of Representatives can impeach a president for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors" by majority vote, and after the trial the Senate can remove the president by a vote of two-thirds. Two presidents, Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, have been impeached and tried before the Senate; neither was convicted.
15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
The competing visions of Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans brought forth the nation's first impeachment charges. Place the following events in chronological order. Note that not all options must be used.
Congress authorized the Tenure of Office Act in March 1867. Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. The House of Representatives initiated impeachment charges.
Fifteenth Amendment
Constitutional amendment ratified in 1870, which prohibited states from discriminating in voting privileges on the basis of race.
Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1876?
Correct Answer: -Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won the popular vote. -The disputed electoral votes were in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.
Bargain of 1877
Deal made by a Republican and Democratic special congressional commission to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876; Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who had lost the popular vote, was declared the winner in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from involvement in politics in the South, marking the end of Reconstruction.
The Fourteenth Amendment established the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans. T or F?
False
The Republicans in Congress were unified in their vision for Reconstruction. T or F?
False
The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom
False
The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom. T or F?
False
the republicans in congress were unified in their vision for reconstruction
False
The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.
False- The new state governments successfully established free public education, passed civil rights legislation that prohibited racial discrimination, helped to protect the growing population of sharecroppers, and promoted economic recovery.
How do the two maps of the Barrow plantation, roughly twenty years apart, illustrate the effects of emancipation on rural life in the South?
Former slaves had their own church, and their children went to school. Slaves that formerly lived in communal quarters now lived in separate homes and worked the land as sharecroppers.
Analyze the map below. What does it reveal about the impact of emancipation?
Former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters. Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land. Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation.
In 1876, Winslow Homer painted this imaginary scene between a former slave and a slaveowner. What does he suggest about the relationship among freedmen and former slaveowners in his painting?
Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners.
Ku Klux Klan
Group organized in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 to terrorize former slaves who voted and held political offices during Reconstruction; a revived organization in the 1910s and 1920s that stressed white, Anglo-Saxon, fundamentalist Protestant supremacy; revived a third time to fight the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s in the South.
Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?
Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. Reconstruction governments were corrupt. Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality.
List the following events of Reconstruction in chronological order.
Thirteenth Amendment, Civil Rights Bill of 1866, Fourteenth Amendment, Ku Klux Klan established, Enforcement Acts
The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.
false
the Freedmen's Bureau
Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning.
US vs. Cruikshank
overruled the conviction of a number of whites who had rioted to prevent African Americans from voting. The Court ruled that the Constitution did not grant the rights of assembling peaceably and bearing arms; it merely prohibited Congress from infringing upon those rights
What does it reveal about the impact of emancipation?
-Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land -former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters -Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation
What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?
-Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners
What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?
-Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners.
Why did former slaves believe that landownership was the cornerstone of freedom?
-It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control. -They were entitled to the land because of their unpaid labor.
Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?
-Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. -Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. -Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks.
scalawags
-These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. -Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.
How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?
-They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane. -They established a state-funded free public education system
Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.
-a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' desire to discipline their labor force -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year
Identify the functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.
-a political gathering spot -a place of worship -housed schools -a place for social gatherings
Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.
-abolition of slavery -pardon nearly all white southerners who took an --oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments
Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
-establish schools for blacks -settle disputes between blacks and whites -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged
Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.
-pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments -abolition of slavery -repudiation of secession
How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?
-prohibited blacks from serving on juries -denied blacks the right to serve in state militias -not allowed blacks to vote -denied blacks right to testify in court against whites
Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.
-required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force
Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
-settle disputes between blacks and whites -establish schools for blacks -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged -reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves
Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.
-the Fourteenth Amendment -state guarantees of black men's right to vote -temporary division of the South into military districts -creation of new state governments
Why was education so important to freed blacks?
-wanted opportunity to take part in politics -wanted to read the Bible -wanted to participate in the economic marketplace
The competing visions of Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans brought forth the nation's first impeachment charges. Place the following events in chronological order. Note that not all options must be used.
1. Congress authorized the Tenure of Office Act in March 1867. 2. Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. 3. The House of Representatives initiated impeachment charges. 4. Johnson removed Secretary of War Ulysses S. Grant.
List the following events of Reconstruction in chronological order.
1. thirteenth amendment 2. civil rights bill of 1866 3. fourteenth amendment 4. kkk established 5. enforcement acts
Tenure of Office Act
1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet
Reconstruction Act
1867 law that established temporary military governments in ten Confederate states—excepting Tennessee—and required that the states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and permit freedmen to vote.
Tenure of Office Act
1867 law that required the president to obtain Senate approval to remove any official whose appointment had also required Senate approval; President Andrew Johnson's violation of the law by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton led to Johnson's impeachment.
Fourteenth Amendment
1868 constitutional amendment that guaranteed rights of citizenship to former slaves, in words similar to those of the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
Ulysses S. Grant
18th U.S. President. 1869-1877. Republican
Horatio Seymour, the 1868 Democratic nominee for president, carried the state where he had previously served as governor. Samuel Tilden, the 1876 Democratic nominee, had also been governor of the same state. Select the state on the map.
33
Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
571-572 establish schools for blacks provide aid to the poor and aged settle disputes between blacks and whites secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts
Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.
574 a compromise between blacks' desire for land ownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision guaranteed planters a stable labor force required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year
In what ways did the Sharecropping contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
576-577 The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner. The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss their work for a day.
The Fourteenth Amendment established the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans.
583 True
Identify the statements below that describe the Reconstruction Amendments.
586 served as the constitutional basis for the civil rights movement of the 1960s consisted of three amendments, which ultimately led to the incorporation of black Americans into society as citizens
How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?
590-591 They established a state-funded free public education system. They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane.
Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?
594 Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. Reconstruction governments were corrupt.
Click or tap to identify the coastal area that became known as "Sherman land"—land set aside by General Sherman's Special Field Order 15, in January 1865, for the resettlement of black families after the Civil War.
Along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia
Civil Rights Bill of 1866
Along with the Fourteenth Amendment, legislation that guaranteed the rights of citizenship to former slaves.
According to the video, why was Frederick Douglass's perspective on the question, "Who is an American?" considered radical for the time?
Anybody and everybody should be allowed citizenship
Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.
Correct Answer: -abolition of slavery pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments -refusal to pay Confederate debts
Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.
Correct Answer: -by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery -by attending mass meetings and religious services -by traveling
Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
Correct Answer: -establish schools for blacks -settle disputes between blacks and whites -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged -reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves
crop lien
Credit extended by merchants to tenants based on their future crops; under this system, high interest rates and the uncertainties of farming often led to inescapable debts.
carpetbaggers
Derisive term from northern emigrants who participated in the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South.
How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?
Enforcement Acts
How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?
Enforcement act
The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.
False
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Gave blacks the privilege of American citizenship and denied states' the right to restrict blacks of their property, testify in court, and make contracts for their labor. Johnson vetoed this, but Congress voted to override the veto.
According to the video, why was Frederick Douglass's perspective on the question, "Who is an American?" considered radical for the time?
He believed people of all races and national origins could become good Americans.
Presidential Reconstruction
In December 1863 Lincoln introduced the first Reconstruction scheme, the Ten Percent Plan, thus beginning the period known as Presidential Reconstruction. The plan decreed that when one-tenth of a state's prewar voters had taken an oath of loyalty to the U.S. Constitution, its citizens could elect a new state government and apply for readmission to the Union. In addition, Lincoln promised to pardon all but a few high-ranking Confederates if they would take this oath and accept abolition. The plan also required that states amend their constitutions to abolish slavery. Conspicuous in this plan was the stipulation that only whites could vote or hold office.
Why did former slaves believe that landownership was the cornerstone of freedom?
It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control. They were entitled to the land because of their unpaid labor.
Impeachment of Johnson
Johnson was impeached for the charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors on February 24, 1868 of which one of the articles of impeachment was violating the Tenure of Office Act. He had removed Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, from office and replaced him with Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas
What arguments did the black petitioners make when urging President Johnson to allocate land to them?
Land ownership was a vital element of citizenship. The freedmen had worked the lands and therefore deserved ownership.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Law created by Radical Republicans that was originally vetoed by Johnson but overridden by Congress; established harsher requirements for Confederate states; divided Southern states into military districts; required states to vote to ratify 14th amendment
Black Codes
Laws passed from 1865 to 1866 in southern states to restrict the rights of former slaves; to nullify the codes, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment.
Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?
Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks.
Fill in the blanks to complete the statement describing the different political offices black men filled during Reconstruction.
More than 2,000 African-American men held public office during Reconstruction. They were elected into positions at all levels of government, including the House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate, and as governor of Louisiana. This represented a fundamental shift in power in the South.
Radical Reconstruction
Provided for dividing states into military districts with military commanders to oversee voter registration that included adult African-American males for state conventions; state conventions to draft constitutions that provided for suffrage for black men; state legislatures to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
Why did southern planters and merchants oppose Reconstruction and the new state governments?
Reconstruction governments were corrupt. Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped.
Bargain of 1877
Republican Rutherford B. Hayes over democrat Samuel J. Tiden was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove federal troops that were placing republican governments in the South
scalawags
Southern white Republicans-some former Unionists-who supported Reconstruction governments.
The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement. Some of its leaders were disappointed that it didn't include women, while other leaders acknowledged the amendment's limitations but believed it represented an important step toward national suffrage.
TRUE
Match the type of labor system used during Reconstruction to its appropriate description.
Tenants rented a portion of land, and the crop yield was divided between the tenant and owner. -sharecropping Workers were assigned daily tasks that, once completed, ended their daily responsibilities. -task system Tenants used a portion of the crop as collateral to pay for supplies. -crop lien
In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner. The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day.
Given the information in the map, how would the results of the 1876 presidential election best be summarized?
The hair's-breadth result showed how divided the nation was.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
The last piece of Reconstruction legislation, which outlawed racial discrimination in places of public accommodation such as hotels and theaters. Many parts of it were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883.
The presidential election of 1876 saw some regions of the country leaning Republican and others leaning Democrat. Which statements correctly describe the geographic voting patterns?
The new states out west were Republican territory. The East Coast was mostly Democrat territory. Southern states voted Democrat.
Radical Republicans
These were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after.
How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?
They established a state-funded free public education system. They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane.
How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?
They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. They did not allow blacks to vote. They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites.
14th Amendment
This amendment declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States were entitled equal rights regardless of their race, and that their rights were protected at both the state and national levels.
Civil Rights Bill of 1866
This bill was designed to destroy the Black Codes by giving African Americans full citizenship. As expected, President Johnson vetoed the bill, which Congress simply overturned.
Enforcement Acts
Three acts passed by Congress allowing the government to use military force to stop violence against southern African Americans.
Enforcements Acts
Three laws passed in 1870 and 1871 that tried to eliminate the Ku Klux Klan by outlawing it and other such terrorist societies; the laws allowed the president to deploy the army for that purpose.
Crop-lien system
To finance the sharecropping system, southerners turned to this system of borrowing and debt. Landowners and sharecroppers borrowed (at high interest rates) against the future harvest. Lenders insisted that they produce cash crops like cotton. The system made landowners and sharecroppers dependent on local merchants, and it prevented the development of diversified farming in the South.
Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote
True
Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period. T or F?
True
The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.
True
The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction. T or F?
True
The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement, as some of its leaders, who were disappointed that it didn't enfranchise woman, separated from their former antislavery allies, while others stayed aligned with them in support of the greater cause for equal rights for all.
True
The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement, as some of its leaders, who were disappointed that it didn't enfranchise woman, separated from their former antislavery allies, while others stayed aligned with them in support of the greater cause for equal rights for all. T or F?
True
The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of race.
True
The Ku Klux Klan was a racially motivated terrorist organization that spread throughout the entire South during Reconstruction. T or F?
True
The Ku Klux Klan was a racially motivated terrorist organization that spread throughout the entire south during reconstruction
True
The Liberal Republican Party began to side with Democrats in believing that the federal government's power had grown too much during the war and needed to be curtailed.
True
sharecropping
Type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless workers—often former slaves—farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop.
Click or tap to identify the former Confederate states that could not participate in the 1868 presidential election, due to Reconstruction.
Virginia, Texas, Mississippi
Analyze the cartoon "Practical Illustration of the Virginia Constitution" (ca. 1870), and complete the following statement.
Whites feared that Reconstruction would result in integrated schools and blacks having representation in the court system, including sitting on juries.
Click or tap to identify the western territory that in 1869 extended to women the right to vote.
Wyoming
Identify the functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.
a place for social gatherings a place of worship housed schools a political gathering spot
Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.
blacks who became landowners white Republicans African-American political leaders
Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.
by attending mass meetings and religious services by traveling by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery
Match the descriptions of white Republicans in the South during Reconstruction: carpetbaggers and scalawags
carpetbaggers: -Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain. -Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. an insulting term used to describe a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war scalawags: -These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. -Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.
In 1876, Winslow Homer painted this imaginary scene between a former slave and a slaveowner. What does he suggest about the relationship among freedmen and former slaveowners in his painting?
correct: -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners. -Freed blacks and former slave owners still interacted frequently after emancipation.
Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?
correct: -Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. -Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. -Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks.
In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
correct: -The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner. -The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day.
What arguments did the black petitioners make when urging President Johnson to allocate land to them?
correct: -The freedmen had worked the lands and therefore deserved ownership. -Land ownership was a vital element of citizenship.
How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?
correct: -They established a state-funded free public education system. -They created state-run and state-funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane.
How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution?
correct: -They established the federal government as the protector of rights. -They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.
How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?
correct: -They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. -They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. -They did not allow blacks to vote. -They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites.
Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.
correct: -defined all persons born in the United States as citizens -ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights
Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.
correct: -required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' desire to discipline their labor force
Identify the statements below that describe the Reconstruction amendments.
correct: -served as the constitutional basis for the civil rights movement of the 1960s -consisted of three amendments, which ultimately led to the incorporation of black Americans into society as citizens
Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.
correct: -the Fourteenth Amendment -temporary division of the South into military districts -state guarantees of black men's right to vote -creation of new state governments
Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.
correct: -the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks -the economic depression of the early 1870s -the growth of Democratic power in Congress -northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership
Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.
correct: -white Republicans -blacks who became landowners -African-American political leaders
Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction
creation of new state governments, temporary division of the South into military districts, state guarantees of black men's right to vote, the Fourteenth Amendment
Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.
defined all persons born in the United States as citizens ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights
How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?
enforcement acts
Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.
ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights defined all persons born in the United States as citizens
Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
establish schools for blacks secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts settle disputes between blacks and whites provide aid to the poor and aged reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves
The Republicans in Congress were unified in their vision for Reconstruction.
false
The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.
false (The new state governments successfully established free public education, passed civil rights legislation that prohibited racial discrimination, helped to protect the growing population of sharecroppers, and promoted economic recovery.)
The former slaves defined freedom as the right to mobility, education, political participation, and -. Southern whites defined freedom as -, not a right. Northern Republicans believed freedom was the right of labor to - and advance in society.
landownership, a privilege, and compete
The former slaves defined freedom as the right to mobility, education, political participation, and ___________. Southern whites defined freedom as a ____________, not a right. Northern Republicans believed freedom was the right of labor to _________ and advance in society.
landownership, privilege, compete
Redeemers
largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the republican program in the south. staged a major counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments. their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy. redeemer governments waged and agressive assault on african americans.
Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction
pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union repudiation of secession appointment of provisional governors abolition of slavery state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments refusal to pay Confederate debts
Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
provide aid to the poor and aged secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts settle disputes between blacks and whites establish schools for blacks
Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.
required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force guaranteed planters a stable labor force preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision
Match the descriptions of white Republicans in the South during Reconstruction.
scalawags Correct label: Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites. Correct label: These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power carpetbaggers Correct label: Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. Correct label: Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain.
Sharecropping
system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops
Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.
the Fourteenth Amendment temporary division of the South into military districts state guarantees of black men's right to vote creation of new state governments
Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.
the Fourteenth Amendment temporary division of the South into military districts state guarantees of black men's right to vote creation of new state governments
Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.
the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks the economic depression of the early 1870s the growth of Democratic power in Congress northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership
Reconstruction
the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union
Douglass believed that the United States was a nation of innumerable races. He believed that migration and the right to hold office both were essential to freedom and citizenship. In this speech, in particular, Douglass argued for the rights and liberties of the Chinese in America.
true
The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.
true
The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans.
true
Why did Congress bring articles of impeachment against Andrew Johnson?
violated the Tenure of Office Act