Ch.18-20

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type _____ and can receive RBCs from someone of type _____.

AB;O

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

Albumin

Acute Leukemia

Appears suddenly, progresses rapidly, and causes death within a few months

During exercise, the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves cause which of the following to occur?

Arterioles dilate in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine

True or False: Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit are interchangeable terms used to describe the percentage of whole blood composed of RBCs.

False

What is the function of fibrin?

Fibrin creates the framework of a blood clot

Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________.

Fibrinogen

What are the components of the circulatory system?

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

Where in the body are hemopoietic stem cells found?

Red bone marrow

Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia?

Renal Disease

Platelets release __________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.

Serotonin

Where do most RBCs die?

Spleen and liver

What is the best way to estimate the MAP?

Take the diastolic pressure and add one-third of the pulse pressure

In healthy blood vessels, platelets do not adhere because the smooth endothelium is coated with __________.

prostacyclin

True or False: After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.

True

True or False: Blood groups are used for legal purposes and in anthropology.

True

True or False: Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.

True

True or False: In addition to the ABO and Rh groups, there are more than 30 other known blood groups, but they rarely cause transfusion reactions

True

True or False: Incompatibility of one person's blood with another result from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBCs antigens.

True

True or False: Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory.

True

True or False: The most important components in the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase.

True

True or False: When a person is still, blood accumulates in the limbs because venous pressure is not high enough to override the weight of the blood and drive it upward.

True

Which of the following does NOT aid in venous return?

Venule suction

Leukocytosis

A total WBC count above 10,000 WBCs/nanoL

Leukopenia

A total WBC count below 5,000 WBCs/nanoL

Leukemia

Cancer that produces a high number of circulating leukocytes and their precursors

Identify the Incorrect statements regarding the fundamental causes of edema.

Capillary reabsorption does not depend on oncotic pressure

How do materials get from the blood to the surrounding tissues?

Diffusion, filtration, and absorption, and transcytosis

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that assists venous return?

Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules

Choose the accurate statements regarding the effects of edema.

Cerebral edema can produce headaches, nausea, and sometimes delirium, seizures, and coma; As the tissues become congested with fluid, oxygen delivery and waste removal are impaired, and the tissues may begin to die; pulmonary edema presents a threat of suffocation as fluid replaces air in the lungs

Chronic Leukemia

Develops more slowly and may go undetected for many months

True or False: Blood formation in the bone marrow and lymphatic organs is called, respectively, lymphoid and myeloid hemopoiesis.

False

List, in order, the stages of erythropoiesis

Hemopoietic stem cells, colony-forming units, erythroblasts, reticulocytes, and erythrocytes

The cessation of bleeding is SPECIFICALLY called __________.

Hemostasis

Where are the arterial anastomoses, in which two arteries merge, found?

In the coronary circulation

An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following EXCEPT __________.

Increased hypoxemia

Lymphoid Leukemia

Involves uncontrolled lymphocyte or monocyte production

Which of the following correctly describe hemophilia?

It has sex-linked recessive mechanism of heredity; Most hemophilia occurs predominantly in males; Classical hemophilia (hemophilia A) is caused by a lock of factor VIII; Hemophilia B is caused by a lack of factor IX

Which of the following characteristics of a red blood cell increases its ability to carry oxygen to the tissues?

Lacking mitochondria, RBCs rely exclusively on anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP; The cytoplasm of an RBC consists mainly of 33% solution of hemoglobin; RBCs lose nearly all organelles during their development; Lacking a nucleus and DNA, RBCs also are incapable of protein synthesis and mitosis

Identify the correct statement regarding leukocytes

Leukocytes spend only a few hours in the bloodstream, then migrate through the walls of the capillaries

Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body?

Liver

Myeloid Leukemia

Marked by uncontrolled granulocyte production

Plasma transports which of the following?

Nutrients from the digestive system; oxygen from the lungs; nitrogenous wastes from the kidneys

What is (are) the advantage(s) of there being a low blood pressure in the pulmonary cell?

Oncotic pressure overrides hydrostatic pressure, so pulmonary capillaries are engaged almost entirely in absorption; Blood flows more slowly through the pulmonary capillaries and therefore has more time for gas exchange; It prevents fluid accumulation in the alveolar walls and lumens, which would compromise gas exchange

Which values are correct for human blood?

Osmolarity: 280-296 mOsm/L; pH: 7.35-7.45; volume in females: 4-5 L; volume in males: 5-6 L; Total WBC count: 5,000-10,000/microliter

Blood usually passes through one network of capillaries from the time it leaves the heart until the time it returns, but there are exceptions, notably the _________.

Portal systems and anastomoses

Blood usually passes through one network of capillaries from the time it leaves the heart until the time it returns, but there are exceptions, notably the __________.

Portal systems and anastomoses

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Produces plasma hormones

Identify the incorrect statement regarding blood groups other than ABO and Rh

The frequently cause transfusion reactions

Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when which of the following occurs?

There is a dietary protein deficiency

Which of the following is not a function of platelets?

They inhibit procoagulants

Choose the correct statement regarding the function of platelets

They secrete procoagulants, or clotting factors, which promote blood clotting

Choose the correct statements regarding the composition of plasma

Water represents 92% by weight; Albumin is 60% of the total protein portion; The most abundant nitrogenous waste is urea