Ch.3 "Bacteria and Archaea"

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain. True False

False

True or False: Biofilms are composed of a single bacterial species.

False

True or False: When the bacterial glycocalyx is easily removed, it is called a capsule.

False

Biofilms typically do not develop on healthy tissue. T/F

True

Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks a cell wall and is termed pleomorphic. True False

True

True or False: Encapsulated bacterial cells generally have greater pathogenicity.

True

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is a. Mycobacterium. b. Mycoplasma. c. Streptococcus. d. Corynebacterium. e. Salmonella.

a. Mycobacterium.

The primary function of flagella is for ______. a. motility b. attachment c. maintaining cell shape d. transferring DNA to other cells

a. motility

Which of the following is true of biofilms? a. they can lead to systemic infections b. they exhibit the same gene expressions as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria c. none of the above are correct d. they pose no risk to the health of hospital patients

a. they can lead to systemic infections

Which of the following bacterial genera is described CORRECTLY? a.Clostridium—spore-forming rod b.Corynebacterium—curved rod c.Vibrio—club-shape d.Staphylococcus—clusters of rods

a.Clostridium—spore-forming rod

The presence of variation in the size and shape of bacterial cells of the same species is known as _______. a.pleomorphism b.pseudomorphology c.sarcina d.chemotaxis

a.pleomorphism

Microenvironments are created within the biofilm based on: a. nutrient concentration b. all of these c. oxygen gradient d. pH gradient

b. all of these

Which of the following is/are prone to biofilm accumulation? a. catheters b. all of these c. teeth d. artificial heart valves

b. all of these

The production of which substance leads to thickening of the biofilm over time? a. lysozyme b.exopolymer c.exotoxin d. IL-4

b. exopolymer

The enzyme _____, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls. a. penicillinase b. lysozyme c. peptidase d. All of the choices are correct. e. None of the choices is correct.

b. lysozyme

Biofilms are found: a. on shower curtains b. on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth. c. on teeth d. on the walls of swimming pools

b. on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth.

Rods that are slightly curved are called _______. a. filaments b. vibrio c. coccobacilli d. spirochetes

b. vibrio

Choose the bacterial appendage that enables bacteria to stick to one another, to inanimate surfaces, and to host cells. a.pili b.fimbriae c.flagella d.axial filaments e.cell wall

b.fimbriae

The movement of bacteria toward or away from a chemical stimulus is _________. a. monotrichous b. phototaxis c. chemotaxis d. peritrichous

c. chemotaxis

Which of the following structures leads to reversible binding of bacterial cells to a surface? a. fimbriae b. flagella c. fimbriae and flagella d. spike proteins

c. fimbriae and flagella

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is a. amphitrichous. b. atrichous. c. lophotrichous. d. monotrichous. e. peritrichous.

c. lophotrichous.

Which of the following surfaces have nutrients available that encourage the development of biofilms? a. moist abiotic surfaces b. dry abiotic surfaces c. moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue d. biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

c. moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

Select characteristics exhibited by all bacteria -chromosome -fimbriae -capsule -ribosomes -cell wall -flagella -endospores -cell membrane

chromosome, ribosome, cell membrane

All bacteria posses these structural elements

cytoplasm, chromosomes, cell membrane, ribosomes

Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of gram-negative outer membranes, can stimulate shock and fever, and is referred to as _________. a. peptidoglycan b. exotoxin c. teichoic acid d. endotoxin

d. endotoxin

During bacterial conjugation, DNA can be transferred through a ______ from the donor to the recipient cell. a. axial filament b. flagellum c. fimbria d. pilus

d. pilus

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is a. amphitrichous. b. atrichous. c. lophotrichous. d. monotrichous. e. peritrichous.

e. peritrichous.

Select the terms which describe various members of the archaea. -eukaryotes -hyperthermophiles -methanogens -acidophiles -extreme halophiles -extremophiles

eukaryotes, hyperthermophiles, extreme halophiles

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells assuring reproductive success. True False

false

Some bacteria possess these structural elements

flagellum, glycocalyx, cell wall, outer membrane, fimbriae, endospores, plasmids

Various arrangments of Cocci

-diplococcus - tetrad - staphylococcus -streptococcus -sarcina

Select those structures that are found in a gram-negative cell envelope. -thick layer of peptidoglycan -outer membrane -cell membrane -teichoic acids -lipopolysaccharide -lipoteichoic acids -thin layer of peptidoglycan -periplasmic space

-lipopolysaccharide -outer membrane -cell membrane -thin layer of peptidoglycan -periplasmic space

Bacillus shape? Spirillum and spirochete shape? Coccus shape? -cylindrical or rod-shape cell -spherical cell -spiral or helical-shaped cell

Bacillus shape? -cylindrical or rod-shaped cell Spirillum and spirochete shape? -spiral or helical-shaped cell Coccus shape? -spherical cell