Ch.3 Criminal Behavior
How are lifestyle theory and victim precipitation theory similar to each other?
Both focus on the behaviors and actions of the potential victims in encouraging victimization.
What is the importance of a Victims' Bill of Rights, which most states now have?
It allows those victimized to be alerted and aware of criminal proceedings against an offender.
What is the role of parent incarceration in factoring the cost of victimization?
It can create additional costs and victimization of families, due to the effects of parental absence.
How can victimization typically lead to criminality?
It can encourage negative behaviors that are meant to alleviate stress and anger.
What is the importance of a victim impact statement (VIS) in distributing justice to an offender?
They allow victims to recount the ordeal, which can be used to influence sentencing.
How do victim costs differ from intangible costs?
Victim costs can be financially estimated
In which of the following situations would violent victimization more likely occur?
a nighttime robbery in a secluded part of a city
A typical male is most likely to be victimized by __________.
a person they do not know
Which of the following can be considered an example of target hardening?
a restaurant owner installing deadbolt locks on the doors to the business
What contributes to target gratifiability that can encourage victimization?
a victim who routinely displays material wealth
Under lifestyle theory, which of the following persons would be highly susceptible to victimization?
a young male who typically skips school to partake in substance abuse with others
The state providing funds to a victimized individual to pay for damages associated with a crime is known as victim __________.
compensation
Restitution agreements are __________.
conditions of probation for an offender
Crime career costs are __________.
he imputed value of money an individual loses by engaging in crime rather than in legal activities
What demographic change could likely result in higher household victimization rates in the United States?
increasing urbanization
According to victim precipitation theory __________.
it is sometimes the victim that provokes the offender
Which of the following would increase the risks of victimization in an upscale neighborhood, under routine activities theory?
long response times by a small, ineffectual police department
How can an individual living in a crime-ridden neighborhood rationally avoid victimization, under deviant place theory?
move to a safer neighborhood
Which of the following represents victimization by the justice system?
police questioning a rape victim and insinuating that the victim was at fault
Abuse of highly dependent elders by their children, due to the children increasingly becoming unable to care for the elders, is explained by __________.
the caregiver stress view
Why do fraudsters often target the elderly?
the elderly are seen as easy targets.
In most states, the status of sex offenders is now made public. Why?
to let the public know the identity and the whereabouts of sex offenders
Which of the following scenarios would increase the chances of an individual being victimized as a result of passive precipitation?
An individual enters an establishment that is frequented by a racial group at odds with the individual's racial group.
Which of the following can be explained by the cycle of violence?
Children who are abused increasingly engage in crime as they mature.
How does the transformative effect of early victimization impact young victims?
It makes young victims highly susceptible to entering into abusive adult relationships.