ch.6 study guide micro
70. Which of the following viruses does not cause latent infections? A. adenovirus B. Epstein-Barr virus C. herpes simplex virus D. varicella-zoster virus
A
11. Cells and tissues of a host which support growth of a particular virus is called A. Pathogenecity B. Tissue tropism C. Vectors D. Fomites
B
13. Vector that carries a viral pathogen on the outside of its body and transmits it to a new host by physical contact is called A. Fomites B. Mechanical Vectors C. Biological Vectors
B
16. Non-living objects or materials that carry infection A. Parasites B. Fomites C. Mechanical Vectors D. Biological Vectors
B
19. ___________ are caused by infection of an animal by a virus that originated in a human. A. AIDS B. Reverse zoonoses C. Zoonoses D. Angiostrongylus Infection
B
2. _________used cowpox pustule to vaccinate against small pox; pioneer of first vaccine. A. Dimitri Ivanovski B. Edward Jenner C. Henrietta Lacks D. Stanley Prusiner
B
22. Viruses can be visualized using which method? A. compound light microscope B. electron microscope C. the naked eye D. ultraviolet rays
B
25. The protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid of a virus are known as which of the following? A. amino acids B. capsomeres C. chromatins D. telomeres
B
28. The viral envelope is: A. The combination of capsid and nucleic acid B. A small portion of phospholipid membrane obtained from a host cell C. Phospholipid membrane made up of the viral DNA/RNA D. Modification of spike
B
30. What are spikes important for? A. Responsible for lysis of the host cell B. Attachment/entry into host cells C. Responsible for transduction D. Induction agent
B
36. Tail fibers A. Connects the head and tail fibers B. Help virus to attach to host cell surface C. Responsible for lysis and death of host cell D. Help in penetration
B
38. In naming viruses, the family name ends with ________ and genus name ends with _________. A. -virus; -viridae B. -viridae; -virus C. -virion; virus D. - virus; virion
B
39. Lytic cycle/Virulent phage A. Host cells remain alive B. Lysis and death of host cell C. Includes prophage D. Has two reproductive choices
B
42. Lysogen A. Virus genome B. Bacterial host infected with prophage C. Provirus D. Virion
B
44. The change in the host phenotype with extra genes caused by the temperate phage is called: A. Lytic cycle B. Lysogenic or phage conversion C. Tumor D. Lesions
B
5. Fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell is called A. Prophage B. Virion C. Bacteriophage D. Viroid
B
54. A positive-strand RNA virus: A. must first be converted to a mRNA before it can be translated. B. can be used directly to translate viral proteins. C. will be degraded by host enzymes. D. is not recognized by host ribosomes.
B
55. Viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme convert __- ______RNA into __________ RNA. A. +SS; -SS B. -SS, +SS C. +DS, +SS D. +DS, -SS
B
57. HIV carry a special enzyme called: A. Urease B. Reverse transcriptase C. Polymerase D. Ligase
B
58. Human immunodeficiency virus A. Adenovirus B. Enveloped retrovirus C. Parvovirus D. Bacteriophage
B
60. In retroviruses, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? A. prophage B. provirus C. virioid D. virion
B
62. Infection that is inactive or dormant and does not have any symptoms A. Persistent infection B. Latent Infection C. Chronic Infection
B
47. Bacteriophage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium during another is called: A. Induction B. Lysis C. Transduction D. Budding
C
48. Specific bacterial genes are transferred when prophage is excised from bacterial chromosome at the end of the lysogenic cycle A. Induction B. Lysis C. Specialized Transduction D. Generalized Transduction
C
63. Disease with symptoms that are recurrent or persistent over a long time A. Persistent infection B. Latent Infection C. Chronic Infection
C
64. Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses? A. conjugation B. mutation C. transduction D. transformation
C
67. Which of the following is a novel enzyme found in retroviruses? A. forward transcriptase B. retrotranscriptase C. reverse transcriptase D. Taq polymerase
C
72. Chicken pox can reemerge as which disease? A. cowpox B. genital warts C. shingles D. smallpox
C
75. In One step multiplication curve, Burst stage is when: A. inoculum of viruses bind to the host cells B. Virions penetrate the cell and no virions detected in media C. when host cells release virions
C
79. Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect? A. transformation B. cell fusion C. mononucleated cell D. inclusion bodies
C
81. Where can bacteriophage be grown A. In chicken egg B. In tube C. suspension or on soft agar
C
88. Proteninaceous infectious particles / made of proteisnony no dna / rna // misfolded forms of normal proteins/can occur spontaneously or via genetic mutation // transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) in humans and animals- the organism who have all these characters are- A. Virusoids B. Virion C. Prion D. Viroid
C
90. Which effect does tomato planta macho viroids have on the crop? A. browning of fruit B. crown-gall formation C. loss of chlorophyll D. lysis of root cells
C
92. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are caused by which of the following? A. bacterium B. fungus C. prion D. virus
C
94. An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following? A. satellite RNA B. virion C. viroid D. virusoid
C
97. Which of the following is true of prions? A. They can be inactivated by boiling at 100 °C. B. They contain a capsid. C. They are a rogue form of protein, PrP. D. They can be reliably inactivated by an autoclave.
C
98. Although there are no current treatments for prion infections, which of the following could be used? A. antibiotics B. nucleases C. proteases D. sulfa drugs
C
24. Scientist who first crystalize the structute of TMV, and isolated influenza B virus: A. Dimitri Ivanovski B. Edward Jenner C. Henrietta Lacks D. Wendell Stanley
D
27. Envelope virus has A. Capsid and nucleic acid B. Capsid and spike C. Nucleic acid D. Capsid surrounded by lipid layer
D
37. The Baltimore Classification system describes viruses according to which characteristic? A. capsid shape B. host-cell susceptibility C. the presence or absence of an envelope D. the viral genome
D
40. Lysogenic cycle/Temperate phage A. Host cells remain alive B. Includes prophage C. Has two reproductive choices D. All of the above E. None of them are correct
D
45. A virus obtains its envelope during which of the following phases? A. attachment B. penetration C. assembly D. release
D
51. Random piece of bacterial chromosome is transferred by the phage during the lytic cycle A. Induction B. Lysis C. Specialized Transduction D. Generalized Transduction*
D
52. Separation of viral nucleic acid from protein coat A. Endocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Active transport D. Uncoating*
D
66. (−)ssRNA is transcribed into (+)ssRNA using which of the following? A. DNA polymerase encoded by the host cell B. DNA polymerase encoded by the virus C. RNA polymerase encoded by the host cell D. RNA polymerase encoded by the virus
D
7. Single type of nucleic acid, multiply inside living cells, able to infect other cells, and range from 20 to 1000 nm- are the characteristics of: A. Bacteria B. Protozoa C. Prions D. Viruses
D
71. The virus that causes chicken pox: A. adenovirus B. Epstein-Barr virus C. herpes simplex virus D. varicella-zoster virus
D
78. Distinct observable cell abnormalities due to viral infection are called A. Mole B. Cyst C. Cancer D. Cytopathic effect
D
80. The liquid portion of blood that does not contain clotting factors is known as which of the following? A. erythrocytes B. plasma C. platelets D. serum
D
84. Which of the following tests can be used to detect the presence of a specific virus? A. EIA B. RT-PCR C. PCR D. all of the above
D
91. Which scientist first discovered prions? A. Dimitri Ivanovski B. Edward Jenner C. Henrietta Lacks D. Stanley Prusiner
D
93. How is kuru transmitted? A. bloodborne transmission B. contaminated neurosurgical instruments C. eating contaminated cattle meat D. eating infected meat through cannibalism
D
95. An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and is not capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following? A. provirus B. virion C. viroid D. virusoid
D
96. Which of these infectious agents do not have nucleic acid? A. viroids B. viruses C. bacteria D. prions
D
8. Which of the following does a virus lack? A. ribosomes B. metabolic processes C. nucleic acid D. glycoprotein E. A, and B are true F. B, and C are true G. A, and D are true.
E
9. What is the host range for a virus? A. Spectrum of host cells that a virus can infect B. Viruses bind to specific receptors on host cells. C. Only a is the right answer D. Only b is the right answer E. Both a, and b are correct. F. None of them are correct.
E
86. Which method cannot be used to detect virus in a patient's serum? E. EIA F. hemagglutinin assay G. growth in pure culture H. RT-PCR
G
1. Which of the following is not a property of a virus? A. It is an infectious cellular pathogen. B. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen. C. Its genome consists of DNA or RNA. D. Its genome is surrounded by a protein capsid.
A
23. Large virus that can reach to the size of a bacterium: A. Pandoravirus B. AIDS virus C. Adenovirus D. Poxvirus
A
26. Non-enveloped or naked virus has: A. Capsid and nucleic acid B. Capsid and spike C. Nucleic acid D. Capsid surrounded by lipid layer
A
29. Glycoprotein structure extending outward and away from the capsid or envelope are A. Spikes B. Capsomeres C. Chromatins D. Nucleic acid
A
3. Which of the following is the scientist responsible for first discovering viruses (specifically, tobacco mosaic virus)? A. Dimitri Ivanovski B. Edward Jenner C. Henrietta Lacks D. Stanley Prusiner
A
32. Capsid is many sided A. Polyhedral B. Helical C. Complex
A
35. Sheath: A. Connects the head and tail fibers B. Help virus to attach to host cell surface C. Responsible for lysis and death of host cell D. Help in penetration
A
4. ___________first proposed the term virus. A. Louis Pasteur B. Dimitri Ivanovski C. Edward Jenner D. Henrietta Lacks E. Stanley Prusiner
A
41. In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? A. prophage B. provirus C. virioid D. virion
A
46. Prophage DNA is excised from bacterial chromosome and lytic cycle is initiated A. Induction B. Lysis C. Lysogenic conversion D. Budding
A
49. Virus binds to host cell receptors A. Attachment B. Penetration C. Release D. Assembly
A
50. Animal virus enters the host's cell through A. Endocytosis* B. Exocytosis C. Active transport D. Diffusion
A
53. If a virus has a _____________ , it acts like mRNA and can be translated directly to make viral proteins. A. +SSRNA B. -SSRNA C. +DSRNA D. +DSDNA
A
73. The excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following? A. induction B. lysogeny C. phage conversion D. transduction
A
77. Which statement regarding the introduction of virus in eggs is true? A. Pox can form on the embryo. B. The virus cannot be introduced into the yolk sac. C. The virus will not kill the embryo if it is introduced early in development. D. Virus introduction will not disrupt embryonic development.
A
82. What three methods can animal viruses cultivate? A. in living animals, embryonated eggs, cell culture B. In plates, tubes, filters C. In broth, agar, and in tubes
A
83. What is the name of this procedure: Mix phage with bacteria and melted agar - pour onto hardened agar - look for plaques - plaque forming unit is measurement of viral suspension.. A. Plaque method B. hemagglutinin assay C. growth in pure culture D. RT-PCR
A
20. Arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses? A. biological vector B. fomite C. mechanical vector D. both as fomites and as vectors
A
56. In case of retrovirus, viral genome integrated into host DNA does not undergo excision: A. Provirus B. Prophage C. Host
A
6. Viruses require living host cells to multiply are called: A. Obligate intracellular parasites B. Facultative viruses C. Symbiont D. Prophage
A
61. When a virus is not completely cleared from the host: A. Persistent infection B. Latent Infection C. Chronic Infection
A
68. Reverse transcriptase is used to generate which nucleic acid from RNA? A. cDNA B. dsRNA C. (+)ssRNA D. (−)ssRNA
A
69. Which of the following is the host-cell receptor that recognizes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? A. CD4 B. CD8 C. Gp120 D. sialic acid
A
31. Cylindrical or rod-shaped capsid that surrounds the nucleic acid A. Polyhedral B. Helical C. Complex
B
59. RNA genome with reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce dna from its rna A. Adenovirus B. Retrovirus C. Parvovirus D. Bacteriophage
B
33. Capsid has additional structures attached to it. A. Polyhedral B. Helical C. Complex
C
34. Polyhedral head contains A. Spike B. Capsid C. Nucleic acid D. Lipid layer
C
87. You are a nurse and you suspect that you may have been exposed to a particular virus. You and your health care provider decide to perform a hemagglutinin assay. A sample of your serum is taken and added to a sample of virus. Next, the virus and serum sample are added to erythrocytes. Upon examination, you do not see any agglutination occurring. Which can you conclude from these results? A. The test result suggests you may have been exposed to the virus, and your serum contains antibodies against the virus. B. The test result suggests you may have been exposed to the virus, but your serum does not contain antibodies against the virus. C. The test result suggests you may not have been exposed to the virus. D. You cannot make a conclusion from the information given.
A
31. Viruses are facultative intracellular pathogens.
Answer: False
32. Scientists have identified viruses that are able to infect fungal cells.
Answer: True
65. A bacteriophage infects a host cell and the genome integrates itself into the host chromosome. Sometime later, the phage is excised along with a short piece of DNA adjacent to the insertion point. Both the phage DNA and the host DNA are packaged into the same capsid. The bacteriophage then infects a new cell, delivering both phage and bacterial DNA. Which process is being described in this scenario? A. The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by generalized transduction B. The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by specialized transduction C. The lytic cycle, reactivating as the lysogenic cycle, followed by generalized transduction D. The lytic cycle, reactivating as the lysogenic cycle, followed by specialized transduction
B
74. In One step multiplication curve, eclipse stage is when: A. inoculum of viruses bind to the host cells B. Virions penetrate the cell and no virions detected in media C. when host cells release virions
B
76. Maximum number of virions produced per bacterium A. Plaque B. Burst size C. Provirus D. Virus titer
B
85. Which of the followings cannot be used to culture viruses? A. tissue culture B. liquid medium only C. embryo D. animal host
B
89. The smallest viroid discovered thus far that infects plants is A. ABCD B. ASBVd C. SAVD D. ASCDDf
B
10. The viruses that infect bacteria is called A. Prophage B. Virion C. Bacteriophage D. Viroid
C
12. Animals like ticks, mosquitoes, flies that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is called: A. Parasites B. Symbiont C. Vectors D. Fomites
C
14. Vector that carries a viral pathogen inside of its body and transmits it to a new host through biting. A. Fomites B. Mechanical Vectors C. Biological Vectors
C
15. Cockroaches that carry E. coli, Salmonella around on their legs are A. Parasites B. Fomites C. Mechanical Vectors D. Biological Vectors
C
17. Viruses that can be transmitted from an animal host to a human host can cause A. Communicable diseases B. Noninfectious diseases C. Zoonoses D. Angiostrongylus Infection
C
18. One example of Zoonoses A. AIDS viruses B. Naked viruses C. Avian influenza virus D. Angiostrongylus Infection
C
21. Which unit of length best describes the average size of a virion? A. mm B. µm C. nm D. pm
C
43. Which of the following properly lists (in order) the steps of viral replication?
attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, lysis
