Ch7 Lesson 1 Settling the South
Why was it hard to govern Carolina?
1. It was large 2. Colonists did not follow laws they did not like
What were 2 reasons the Calverts wanted to start a colony?
1. They wanted to make money. 2. They wanted a refuge for Catholics who not not worship in England.
What family founded Maryland?
Calverts
The English king granted a charter for another colony south of Virginia. What was the colony?
Carolina
Who was the first governor of Maryland?
Cecilius's brother Leonard
What did Carolina allow its colonists (free white men) to do?
Elect some leaders and have a say in some laws. But most of the power belonged to the proprietors (owners) and the king.
What was the first settlement for free Africans named? Where was it?
Fort Mose in Spanish Florida
George Calvert died before the charter for Maryland was signed. Who became the new owner?
His son, Cecilius Calvert.
How was the government of Maryland like the government of Virginia, its neighbor?
In both colonies people elected representatives in their assemblies. Both also had governors.
Maryland passed the Toleration Act? What was the Toleration Act?
It gave religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland.
Who founded Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
What other name did George Calvert go by?
Lord Baltimore
Georgia was the last of the 13 Colonies. What was its first settlement?
Savannah, Georgia
Originally Carolina was a huge colony. How far did it go?
South of Virginia up to Spanish Florida
What was the name of the first settlement in Maryland?
St Mary's City
Even though Maryland started as a Catholic colony, what religion later became the official religion of the colony by 1702?
The Anglican Religion
Eventually the trails to the backcountry became wide enough for wagons. What were these trails/roads called?
The Great Wagon Road
What is another name for the backcountry?
The Piedmont (hills before the mountains)
How were the governments of Maryland and Virginia different?
The king controlled Virginia. The Calverts controlled Maryland.
How did they solve the problem of Carolina being hard to govern?
They split the colony into North Carolina and South Carolina.
What did most of the colonists in Maryland do for a living?
They were indentured servants.
A wealthy English leader named James Oglethorpe had an idea. What was it?
They would send English debtors there to Georgia to settle and defend the new colony. The debtors could also start a new life for themselves.
What was travel to the backcountry like?
Tough- steep hills and few roads- many people followed Native American trails.
Many people began moving to the backcountry in the middle of the 1700s. Many colonists from Pennsylvania moved to the backcountry of _____________ and the ____________.
Virginia and the Carolinas
Where did most all colonists live?
along the coast (coastal plain)
England, France and Spain all claimed land south of the carolinas. England knew to gain control of the land, they would have to send ________________ to live there.
colonists
What did Maryland's government give former indentured servants?
land, clothes, tools, barrels of corn
Maryland and Virginia both had a ______ climate and ________ soil that was good for growing __________.
mild climate, fertile soil, tobacco
Where did most enslaved Africans work?
on plantations
What did they do with debtors in England?
put them in jail
What was the main cash crop in the southern areas of the southern colonies (like South Carolina and Georgia)?
rice
What did farmers in South Carolina grow?
rice- African slaves showed colonists how to grow rice- Rice soon became South Carolina's most important crop and slaves became a large part of the SC population.
Some colonists became _______ from tobacco. But, most colonists _______ to make a living on small farms.
rich, struggled
In 1733 when Georgia started they did not allow slavery and did not have plantations (large farms). But that changed, in 1751, what did Georgia allow?
slavery-- over time Georgia's economy grew as a result of plantations and slaves
What is a broker?
someone hired by a southern planter to buy and sell good for them
What is a debtor?
someone who owes a lot of money
What was the backcountry?
the land between the coast and the Appalachian Mountains
What was the main cash crop in the northern areas of the southern colonies (like Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina)?
tobacco
What did farmers in North Carolina grow?
tobacco and corn
