CH.7- Structuring System Process Requirements

Data flow repository entries typically will NOT include ________.

A long description defining the data flow

________ is the time period during which an object performs an operation.

Activation

A(n) ________ diagram shows the conditional logic for the sequence of system activities needed to accomplish a business process.

Activity

A(n) ________ in business process modeling is an action that must take place for a process to be completed.

Activity

A(n) ________ is an external entity that interacts with a system and is someone or something that exchanges information with the systems.

Actor

A data flow has a noun phrase label. More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single ________ as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.

Arrow

According to the DFD conventions, the data flow is always depicted by a(n) ________.

Arrow

When two ________ have the same data flow name, you must be careful that these flows are exactly the same.

Arrows

________, shown as a half arrowhead in a sequence diagram, is one where the sender does not have to wait for the recipient to handle the message.

Asynchronous message

________ are common in concurrent, real-time systems, in which several objects operate in parallel.

Asynchronous messages

________ is NOT a phase in a systems development life cycle.

Attributes

Use cases written at the fish and ________ levels (sometimes called the clam level) are much more detailed and focus on sub-function goals.

Black

Use cases written at the ________ level focus on user goals.

Blue

BPMN stands for ________.

Business Process Modeling Notation

The concept of DFD ________ refers to whether you have included in your DFDs all of the components necessary for the system you are modeling.

Completeness

The concept of DFD ________ refers to whether or not the depiction of the system shown at one level of a nested set of DFDs is compatible with the depictions of the system shown at other levels.

Consistency

Data cannot move directly from a source to a sink. It must be moved by a process if the data are of any concern to our system. Otherwise, the data flow is not shown on the ________.

DFD

A ________ can be best understood as data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another.

Data flow

A ________ is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system.

Data flow diagram

________ are NOT a component of data flow diagram symbols.

Data programs

A ________ is a diagram of process logic where the logic is reasonably complicated.

Decision table

________ is the set of behaviors or functions in a use case that follow exceptions to the main success scenario.

Extension

A data flow consisting of several sub-flows on a level-n diagram can be split apart on a level-0 diagram for a process that accepts this composite data flow as input.

False

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within or outside a system.

False

A data flow has multiple directions of flow between symbols. It may flow in both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update.

False

A data store is data at rest and may represent only one physical location for data.

False

A level-1 diagram is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.

False

A source/sink might not consist of a person inside or outside the business unit supported by the system you are analyzing who interacts with the system.

False

DFDs do a very good job of representing time. On a given DFD, there is an indication of whether a data flow occurs constantly in real time, once per week, or once per year. There is also an indication of when a system would run.

False

DFDs do not provide notation but illustrate important concepts about the movement of data between manual and automated steps.

False

Data flow diagrams are non-versatile diagramming tools and consist of only three symbols.

False

If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere or data stores, processes or external entities that are not connected to anything else, your DFD is not accurate.

False

There are two different standard sets of DFD symbols and each set consists of three symbols that represent the same things.

False

A(n) ________ in business process modeling shows the sequence of action in a process.

Flow

A(n) ________ in a data flow means that exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks. (This usually indicates different copies of the same data going to different locations.)

Fork

The act of going from a single system to ________ component processes is called (functional) decomposition.

Four

With only ________ symbols, you can use DFDs to represent both physical and logical information systems.

Four

________ is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of DFDs or discrepancies within a single DFD.

Gap analysis

A(n) ________ in business process modeling is a decision point.

Gateway

________ is/are NOT a deliverable for process modeling.

Inadequately decomposed diagrams

A(n) ________ arises when one use case uses another use case and is shown diagrammatically as a dotted-line arrow pointed toward the use case that is being used.

Include relationship

No process can have only ________ and if an object has only that, then it must be a sink.

Inputs

Functional decomposition is a(n) ________ process of breaking the description of a system down into finer and finer detail, which creates a set of charts in which one process on a given chart is explained in greater detail on another chart.

Iterative

________ DFD development recognizes that requirements determination and requirements structuring are interacting, not sequential, subphases of the analysis phase of the SDLC.

Iterative

A(n) ________ in a data flow means that exactly the same data come from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.

Join

Both the white and ________ levels provide a summary of the use case goals.

Kite

A ________ is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.

Level-0 diagram

A ________ diagram is a DFD that is generated from n nested decompositions from a level-0 diagram.

Level-n

Balancing is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a DFD process when that process is decomposed to a ________ level.

Lower

At the ________ level of DFDs, new data flows may be added to represent data that are transmitted under exceptional conditions. These data flows typically represent error messages or confirmation notices.

Lowest

An activity diagram cannot be used to ________.

Model work flow but not business processes

A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leaves. There must be at least ________ other process(es) that handle(s) the data flow, produce(s) some other data flow, and return(s) the original data flow to the beginning process.

One

A data flow has ________ direction(s) of flow between symbols. It may flow in both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update.

One

No process can have only ________. It would be making data from nothing (a miracle). If an object has only outputs, then it must be a source.

Outputs

Flowcharting has been criticized by proponents of structured analysis and design because it is too ________.

Physically oriented

________ are NOT a part of a decision table.

Policies

According to Cockburn's template, ________ are those things the system must ensure are true before the use case can start.

Preconditions

The lowest level of a DFD is called a ________ data flow diagram.

Primitive

A ________ is the work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed.

Process

Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store. Data must be moved by a ________.

Process

________ is NOT one of the levels of details suggested by Cockburn.

Red

A(n) ________ diagram depicts the interactions among objects during a certain period of time.

Sequence

A(n) ________ only transfers control from the sender to the recipient without describing the details of the communication.

Simple message

A ________ is the origin and/or destination of the data, and these are sometimes referred to as external entities because they are outside the system.

Source

A ________ is used in both conventions for sources/sinks and has a name that states what the external agent is, such as Customer, Teller, EPA Office, or Inventory Control System.

Square

A ________ lists what it takes to satisfy stakeholders if the use case is completed successfully.

Success guarantee

A ________ in business process modeling is a way to visually encapsulate a process.

Swim-lane

A(n) ________ shown as a full, solid arrowhead, is one where the caller has to wait for the receiving object to complete execution of the called operation before it itself can resume execution.

Synchronous message

A data flow has a noun phrase label. More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.

True

A data flow is data that move together, so it can be composed of many individual pieces of data that are generated at the same time and that flow together to common destinations.

True

A level-0 diagram represents the primary individual processes in the system at the highest possible level.

True

According to the DFD guidelines, the inputs to a process are different from the outputs of that process.

True

An example of inconsistency would be a data flow that appears on a higher-level DFD but not on lower levels (also a violation of balancing).

True

Because requirements determination and structuring are often parallel steps, DFDs evolve from the more general to the more detailed as current and replacement systems are better understood.

True

Context DFD is one of the deliverables for process modeling.

True

DFDs are not as good as flowcharts for depicting the details of physical systems; on the other hand, flowcharts are not very useful for depicting purely logical information flows.

True

Once the DFDs are complete, we can examine the details of individual DFDs for such problems as redundant data flows, data that are captured but are not used by the system, and data that are updated identically in more than one location.

True

Sources/sinks are sometimes referred to as external entities because they are outside the system.

True

The information system is depicted as a DFD and the highest-level view of this system is called a context diagram.

True

The inputs to a process must be sufficient to produce the outputs (including data placed in data stores) from the process. Thus, all outputs can be produced, and all data in inputs move somewhere: to another process or to a data store outside the process or onto a more detailed DFD showing a decomposition of that process.

True

A use-case consists of a set of possible sequences of interactions between a system and ________ in a particular environment, possible sequences that are related to a particular goal.

User

As seen from the clouds, as if flying in a plane at 35,000 feet, refers to which level according to Cockburn?

White

A data flow to a data store means retrieve and a data flow from a data store means change.

false

A data flow to a data store means ________.

to update

When you decompose a DFD from one level to the next, there is a conservation principle at work and we must conserve inputs and outputs to a process at the next level of decomposition

true