Chap 12 Smart Book Management

Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior?

-Extinction -Punishment

According to the 2019 Jobvite survey of 1,500 Americans, which is the most important motivating criteria to job seekers?

Career growth opportunities

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?

Expectancy

Money is the best motivator.

False

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?

Herzberg's two-factor theory

What is the first step in developing career readiness?

Identify your most important long-term goal.

How does self-motivation fit into the career readiness model?

It is an attitude.

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?

Job characteristics model

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.

McClelland's acquired needs theory

What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work?

Organizational justice

Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe?

Physiological

Merilee is a seamstress in a garment factory, and she is paid $10 for each skirt she produces. What compensation plan does this describe?

Piece rate

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?

Process perspectives

The fact that research shows that 25% of workers are burned out, and 44% more are burned out occasionally suggests that workers are neglecting what?

Recharging each day

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

Reinforcement theory

What Tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. This is an example of which core job characteristic?

Skill variety

Pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and other rewards.

True

Elaine surpassed her sales goal and earned a small cash award for her strong performance. This is an example of a ___.

bonus program

Louisa is a real estate salesperson. When she sells a house, she earns a sales ______ equal to 6 percent of the sales price of the house.

commission

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job:

design.

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______

give rewards as soon as possible

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______.

human capital

In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of ______.

inputs

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______.

job design

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.

management

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______.

measurable

Pay for performance, basing pay on one's results, is also known as ______ pay.

merit

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.

modification

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.

needs

A pay-for-performance plan in which employees are paid according to their productivity is referred to as ______.

piece rate

Which are principal perspectives on motivation?

process, job design, reinforcement, and content

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______.

reinforcement

According to the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job requires the job holder to use a wide range of different talents and abilities is known as ______.

skill variety

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?

-Achievable -Specific -Challenging

What types of justice are the components of organizational justice?

-Distributive -Interactional -Procedural

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?

-Effort to performance -Performance to outcomes

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas?

-Employees are underutilized. -Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

Which are elements of self-motivation in the career readiness model?

-Establishing good work habits -Working consistently on personal development -Maintaining focus on organizational goals

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?

-Expectancy theory -Equity theory -Goal-setting theory

What are the three tips for recharging yourself as part of your self-motivation approach?

-Figure out how you can best recharge -Relax mentally and physically -Accept kindness

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement?

-Give rewards as soon as possible. -Be clear about what behavior is desired.

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people?

-Job enrichment -Job enlargement

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following?

-Justice -Fairness

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?

-Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory -McClelland's acquired needs theory -Herzberg's two-factor theory

Which statements about motivation are true?

-Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. -Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.

Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

-Physiological -Esteem -Safety -Love

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do?

-Raise employee productivity -Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs -Increase employee efficiency

What are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model?

-Responsibility for work outcomes -Knowledge of actual results of the work -Meaningfulness of work

What characteristics should your long-term goal have?

-Results-oriented -Attainable -Measurable

Which of the following are core job characteristics in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model?

-Skill variety -Task significance -Autonomy -Feedback

Using the job characteristics model, drag and drop the descriptions against the corresponding job characteristics.

-Skill variety (The extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities) -Task identity (The extent to which a job requires the worker to perform everything needed to complete the job from beginning to end) -Task significance (The extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization) -Autonomy (The extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them) -Feedback (Choice The extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job)

What are three types of learning opportunities?

-Studying co-workers -Tuition reimbursement -Learning and development

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans?

-They are agreed on by both employees and managers. -They link rewards to performance.

According to equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs?

-Training -Experience -Effort

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?

-Work outcomes -Psychological states -Core job characteristics

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

What is the modern way of designing jobs?

Fitting jobs to people

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?

Goal-setting theory

How does McClelland view needs?

Needs are something that we learn from our culture.

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?

Two-factor theory

Cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives are called ______.

bonuses

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.

motivation

Contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want ___

personal and psychological development

Sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales in the form of a ______.

sales commission

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.

self- determination