CHAP 33 PRACTICE BIO

Which of the following is a diploblastic phylum of aquatic predators? A) Cnidaria B) Annelida C) Mollusca D) Arthropoda E) Echinodermata

A

3) Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body? A) Cnidaria B) Platyhelminthes C) Silicea D) Arthropoda E) Mollusca

D

4) Which of these can be observed in the mesohyl of various undisturbed sponges at one time or another? 1. amoebocytes 2. spicules 3. spongin 4. zygotes 5. choanocytes A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1, 2, and 3 D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 E) all five of these

D

A stalked, sessile marine organism has several feathery feeding structures surrounding an opening through which food enters. The organism could potentially be a cnidarian, a lophophorate, a tube-dwelling worm, a crustacean, or an echinoderm. Finding which of the following in this organism would allow the greatest certainty of identification?

D

1) Which cells in a sponge are primarily responsible for trapping and removing food particles from circulating water? A) choanocytes B) mesoglea cells C) pore cells (porocytes) D) epidermal cells

A

15) Generally, members of which flatworm class(es) are nonparasitic? A) Turbellaria B) Trematoda C) Cestoda D) Monogenea E) A, C, and D

A

12) Which class of the phylum Cnidaria includes ʺjelliesʺ with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae? A) Hydrozoa B) Scyphozoa C) Anthozoa D) Cubozoa E) Both A and C are referred to as ʺjellies.ʺ

B

17) What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a human population? A) Reduce the mosquito population. B) Reduce the freshwater snail population. C) Purify all drinking water. D) Avoid contact with rodent droppings. E) Carefully wash all raw fruits and vegetables.

B

31) Which molluscan class includes organisms that are primarily suspension feeders? A) chitons B) bivalves C) gastropods D) cephalopods

B

5) The water vascular system of echinoderms A) functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells. B) functions in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange. C) is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical. D) moves water through the animalʹs body during suspension feeding. E) is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms.

B

8) A radially symmetrical animal that has two embryonic tissue layers probably belongs to which phylum? A) Porifera B) Cnidaria C) Platyhelminthes D) Nematoda E) Echinodermata

B

82) The bivalves started to die one by one; only the undamaged shells remained. To keep the remaining bilvalves alive, the teacher would have had to remove the A) sea anemones. B) sea star. C) gastropods. D) ectoprocts. E) parrotfish.

B

1) Which two main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor of the eumetazoans? A) Calcarea and Silicea B) Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa C) Cnidaria and Bilateria D) Rotifera and Deuterostomia E) Deuterostomia and Bilateria

C

10) Which of the following is true of members of the phylum Cnidaria? A) They are not capable of locomotion because they lack true muscle tissue. B) They are primarily filter feeders. C) They have either or both of two body forms: mobile polyps and sessile medusae. D) They may use a gastrovascular cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton. E) They are the simplest organisms with a complete alimentary canal (two openings). Answer: D Topic: Concept 33.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

D

14) Which characteristic is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms? A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies B) flame bulbs C) radial symmetry D) a digestive system with a single opening E) both A and D

D

19) While vacationing in a country that lacks adequate meat inspection, a student ate undercooked ground beef. Sometime later the student became easily fatigued, and lost body weight. At about the same time, whitish, flattened, rectangular objects full of small white spheres started appearing in his feces. Administration of niclosamide cured the problem. The student had probably been infected by a A) pinworm. B) hookworm. C) nematode. D) tapeworm. E) proboscis worm.

D

34) Of the annelid classes below, which have externally segmented bodies? A) Oligochaeta B) Polychaeta C) Hirudinea (leeches) D) all three of these E) two of these

D

73) Protostomes that have an open circulatory system and an exoskeleton of chitin are part of which phylum? A) Cnidaria B) Annelida C) Mollusca D) Arthropoda E) Echinodermata

D

Which molluscan class includes members that undergo embryonic torsion? A) chitons B) bivalves C) gastropods D) cephalopods

D

21) Which of the following statements about tapeworm feeding methods is correct? A) They have complete digestive tracts. B) They use degenerate mouths to ingest some of their food. C) As adults, they live and feed in the hostʹs bloodstream. D) They are autotrophic. E) They absorb nutrients across their body walls.

E

36) The name of which of the following annelid classes indicates the relative number of bristles (chaetae) its members have? A) Oligochaeta B) Polychaeta C) Hirudinea (leeches) D) all three of these E) two of these

E

4) Which of the following characteristics is probably most responsible for the great diversification of insects on land? A) segmentation B) antennae C) eyes D) bilateral symmetry E) exoskeleton

E

5) Which chemical is synthesized by some sponges and acts as an antibiotic? A) streptomycin B) spongin C) calcium carbonate D) silica E) cribrostatin

E

6) Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect? A) Echinodermatabilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present B) Nematodaroundworms, pseudocoelomate C) Cnidariaradial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms D) Platyhelminthesflatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate E) Calcareagastrovascular cavity, coelom present

E

A spongeʹs structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the A) pore cells. B) epidermal cells. C) choanocytes. D) zygotes. E) amoebocytes.

E

Which of these factors, when used to label the horizontal axis of the graph in Figure 33.1, would account most directly for the shape of the plot? A) spongin concentration (gm/unit volume) B) rate of cribrostatin synthesis (molecules/unit time) C) number of pores per sponge D) number of spicules per sponge E) number of choanocytes per sponge

E

2) A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share A) a mantle. B) a radula. C) gills. D) embryonic torsion. E) distinct cephalization.

A

25) If a lung were to be found in a mollusc, where would it be located? A) mantle cavity B) coelom C) foot D) visceral mass E) excurrent siphon

A

28) Which molluscan class includes marine organisms whose shell consists of eight plates? A) chitons B) bivalves C) gastropods D) cephalopods

A

35) Of the annelid classes below, which make castings that are agriculturally important? A) Oligochaeta B) Polychaeta C) Hirudinea (leeches) D) all three of these E) two of these

A

42) Nematode worms and annelid worms share which of the following features? A) use of fluid in the body cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton B) ecdysis C) presence of a circulatory system D) presence of segmentation E) absence of species with parasitic lifestyles

A

45) Infection with which parasite might cause excessive elasticity in human skeletal muscles? A) trichinella worms B) tapeworms C) copepods D) blood flukes E) rotifers

A

In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. Which structure below would allow for the most certain identification? A) a mantle B) a heart C) a body cavity D) a lophophore E) eyes

A

Which of the following is correctly associated with sponges? A) osculum B) body cavity C) cnidocytes D) spicules made of chitin E) muscle cells and nerve cells

A

18) The larvae of many common tapeworm species that infect humans are usually found A) encysted in freshwater snails. B) encysted in the muscles of an animal, such as a cow or pig. C) crawling in the abdominal blood vessels of cows and pigs. D) encysted in the human brain. E) crawling in the intestines of cows and pigs.

B

30) While snorkeling, a student observes an active marine animal that has a series of muscular tentacles bearing suckers associated with its head. Segmentation is not observed, but a pair of large, well-developed eyes is evident. The student is observing an animal belonging to which class? A) chitons B) bivalves C) gastropods D) cephalopods

B

32) Of the annelid classes below, which have parapodia? A) Oligochaeta B) Polychaeta C) Hirudinea (leeches) D) all three of these E) two of these

B

39) Which of the following is a characteristic of nematodes? A) All species can be characterized either as scavengers or as decomposers. B) They have only longitudinal muscles. C) They have a true coelom. D) They have a gastrovascular cavity. E) Many species are diploblastic.

B

40) Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis by A) having sexual contact with an infected partner. B) eating undercooked pork. C) inhaling the eggs of worms. D) eating undercooked beef. E) being bitten by tsetse flies.

B

7) In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a Cnidarian? A) zygote B) choanocyte C) gamete D) epidermal cell E) pore cell

B

77) Protostomes that have a closed circulatory system and obvious segmentation are part of which phylum? A) Cnidaria B) Annelida C) Mollusca D) Arthropoda E) Echinodermata

B

79) Parrotfish have mouths adapted to scrape algae off of coral, and can even munch on coral. The aquariumʹs corals rapidly dwindled; in their place were shards of A) chitin. B) calcium carbonate. C) silica. D) bone. E) chitin impregnated with calcium carbonate.

B

84) The teacher was unaware of the difference between suspension feeding and predation. The teacher thought that by providing live copepods (2 mm long) and feeder fish (2 cm long) the dietary needs of all of the organisms would be satisfied. Consequently, which two organisms would have been among the first to starve to death (assuming they lack photosynthetic endosymbionts)? 1. sponges 2. coral animals 3. bivalves 4. sea stars 5. shrimp

B

11) The members of which class of the phylum Cnidaria occur only as polyps? A) Hydrozoa B) Scyphozoa C) Anthozoa D) Cubozoa E) both B and D

C

13) Corals are most closely related to which group? A) jellies B) freshwater hydras C) sea anemones D) sponges E) barnacles

C

16) In a small stream, you pick up a rock and observe many small, flattened worms crawling on its undersurface. You decide that they belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. To which class do they probably belong? A) Cestoda B) Monogenea C) Turbellaria D) Trematoda

C

20) Which of the following correctly characterizes the phylum Rotifera? A) a single-opening digestive tract B) a pair of mandibles made of chitin C) parthenogenic reproduction D) inability to persist in environments where they might undergo desiccation E) a relatively large size

C

22) While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n) A) chordate. B) echinoderm. C) mollusc. D) nematode. E) arthropod.

C

23) A lophophore is used by ectoprocts and brachiopods A) for locomotion. B) at a larval stage. C) for feeding. D) for sensory reception. E) as a skeletal system.

C

27) A terrestrial mollusc without a shell belongs to which class? A) chitons B) bivalves C) gastropods D) cephalopods

C

29) A radula is present in members of which class(es)? A) chitons B) bivalves C) gastropods D) cephalopods

C

33) Many of which of the following annelid classes are parasites? A) Oligochaeta B) Polychaeta C) Hirudinea (leeches) D) all three of these E) two of these

C

37) Some species of which of the following annelid classes release an anticoagulant that is of medical significance? A) Oligochaeta B) Polychaeta C) Hirudinea (leeches) D) all three of these E) two of these

C

38) Which of the following is found only among annelids? A) a hydrostatic skeleton B) segmentation C) a clitellum D) a closed circulatory system E) a cuticle made of chitin

C

41) Which of the following can be used to distinguish a nematode worm from an annelid worm? 1. type of body cavity 2. number of muscle layers in the body wall 3. presence of segmentation 4. number of embryonic tissue layers 5. shape of worm in cross-sectional view A) 2 only B) 2 and 3 C) 1, 2, and 3 D) 1, 2, 3, and 5 E) all five of these

C

44) The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong? A) Platyhelminthes B) Arthropoda C) Nematoda D) Acoela E) Annelida

C

71) Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic? A) Mollusca B) Crustacea C) Echinodermata D) Arthropoda E) Annelida

C

74) Protostomes with a unique drape of tissue that may secrete a shell are part of which phylum? A) Cnidaria B) Annelida C) Mollusca D) Arthropoda E) Echinodermata

C

80) The species in the aquarium that possess true bilateral symmetry include the 1. sponges. 2. molluscs. 3. echinoderm. 4. sea anemones. 5. ectoprocts. A) 2 only B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 5 D) 2, 3, and 5 E) 2, 3, 4, and 5

C

83) If the teacher had used a dissecting microscope to examine the outer surfaces of the empty bivalve shells, the teacher would probably have seen marks that had been left by A) jaws. B) nematocysts. C) tube feet. D) a lophophore. E) a madreporite.

C

86) Had the teacher wanted to point out organisms that belong to the most successful animal phylum, the teacher should have chosen the 1. bivalves. 2. sea anemones. 3. shrimp. 4. polychaete. 5. copepods. A) 1 only B) 4 only C) 3 and 5 D) 4 and 5 E) 1, 2, and 3

C

91) If the worms discovered during the autopsies have all features characteristic of their phylum, dissection of the worms should reveal the presence of 1. nephridia. 2. chaetae. 3. segmentation. 4. a gastrovascular cavity. 5. the acoelomate condition. A) 5 only B) 1 and 2 C) 4 and 5 D) 1, 2, and 3 E) 3, 4, and 5

C

A brachiopod can be distinguished from a bivalve by the presence of A) two hinged shells. B) a digestive system with separate mouth and anus. C) a lophophore. D) suspension feeding. E) a distinct head.

C

The clownfish readily swims among the tentacles of the sea anemones; the parrotfish avoids them. One hypothesis for the clownfishʹs apparent immunity is that they slowly build a tolerance to the sea anemoneʹs toxin. A second hypothesis is that a chemical in the mucus that coats the clownfish prevents the nematocysts from being triggered. Which of the following graphs supports the second, but not the first, of these hypotheses?

C

78) One day, little Tommy (a student in an under-supervised class of 40 fifth graders) got the urge to pet Nemo (the clownfish) who was swimming among the waving petals of a pretty underwater ʺflowerʺ that had a big hole in the midst of the petals. Tommy giggled upon finding that these petals were sticky feeling. A few hours later, Tommy was in the nurseʹs office with nausea and cramps. Microscopic examination of his fingers would probably have revealed the presence of A) teeth marks. B) spines. C) spicules. D) nematocysts. E) a radula.

D

85) If the teacher had wanted to demonstrate that some invertebrates possess a closed circulatory system, the teacher should have removed and dissected a A) mollusc. B) sea star. C) shrimp. D) polychaete. E) parrotfish.

D

88) The clownfish readily swims among the tentacles of the sea anemones; the parrotfish avoids them. One hypothesis for the clownfishʹs apparent immunity is that they slowly build a tolerance to the sea anemoneʹs toxin. A second hypothesis is that a chemical in the mucus that coats the clownfish prevents the nematocysts from being triggered. Which of these findings would lend the greatest support to the second hypothesis? A) Upon close examination, clownfish maneuverability is so precise as to

D

9) Which of the following are characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria? 1. a gastrovascular cavity 2. a polyp stage 3. a medusa stage 4. cnidocytes 5. a pseudocoelom A) 1 and 4 B) 2 and 3 C) 2, 3, and 4 D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 E) all five of these

D

90) The clownfish and parrotfish died on the same day. Autopsies revealed the presence of many small, flat worms using tiny suckers to attach to the fish gills. Most likely, these worms were members of which phylum, and which class? A) Annelida, Hirudinea B) Annelida, Polychaetae C) Platyhelminthes, Cestoda D) Platyhelminthes, Monogenea E) Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria

D

A student observes a worm-like organism crawling about on dead organic matter. Later, the organism sheds its outer covering. One possibility is that the organism is a larval insect (like a maggot). On the other hand, it might be a member of which phylum, and one way to distinguish between the two possibilities is by looking for the presence of A) Platyhelminthes; a cuticle of chitin. B) Nematoda; an alimentary canal. C) Annelida; a body cavity. D) Nematoda; a circulatory system. E) Annelida; muscle in the body wall.

D

76) Deuterostomes that have an endoskeleton are part of which phylum? A) Cnidaria B) Annelida C) Mollusca D) Arthropoda E) Echinodermata

E

81) If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore is, and how it works, the teacher would point out a feeding A) hydra. B) sponge. C) bivalve. D) gastropod. E) ectoproct.

E

92) The teacher and class were especially saddened when the colonial hydrozoan died. They had watched it carefully, and the unfortunate creature never even got to produce offspring by budding. Yet, everyone was elated when Tommy (now recovered) noticed a small colonial hydrozoan growing in a part of the tank far from the location of the original colony. The teacher, who proclaimed a miracle, was apparently unaware that these hydrozoans exhibit A) spontaneous generation. B) abiogenesis. C) alternation of generations. D) ecdysis. E) a medusa stage.

E