Chap 4 & 5

Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________.

smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. Group of answer choices

stimulant

What is amplitude?

Height of a wave

________ is exemplified by stroking the hand of another person.

Somatosensation

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

circadian

Ravon was born deaf, so he is diagnosed with ________ deafness.

congenital

Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

darkness; light

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

depressant

Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high?

feelings of intense elation and pleasure

How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep

four

________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.

higher; louder

What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.

hypnosis; meditation

Which part of the eye holds eye color?

iris

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?

just noticeable

Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?

kinesthesia

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

latent

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________.

longer wavelengths

Longer wavelengths will have ________ frequencies, and shorter wavelengths will have ________ frequencies. Group of answer choices

lower; higher

Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.

manifest

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

manifest

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

methadone

Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.

opioid

What is the X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain's ventral surface and represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes?

optic chiasm

________ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.

parasomnia

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________. Group of answer choices

tolerance

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point on the wave________ to the lowest point on the wave ________.

trough; peak

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

umami and fat content

Several studies have suggested that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person. What does this imply about perception? Group of answer choices

Perceptions our influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

Which of the following statements about olfactory receptors is false?

They are bulb-like structures at the tip of the frontal lobe where the olfactory nerves begin.

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children? Group of answer choices

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogenic

At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ________ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ________ side of the brain.

left; right

What is vertigo?

spinning sensation

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.

vestibular

Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug.

withdrawal