chapt 12 psych questions (2, 7, 9)

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. a. Milgram b. Cacioppo c. Zimbardo d. Asch

Asch

___holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperament a. Dispositionism b. Moralism c. Collectivism d. Situationism

Dispositionism

Which statement about groupthink is correct? a. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present b. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus c. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on d. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? a. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior b. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly c. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior d. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. a. Philip Zimbardo b. Solomon Asch c. Stanley Milgram d. John Cacioppo

Philip Zimbardo

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? a. Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon b. Simon retreats to the corner and mopes c. Simon bites his mother d. Simon goes to sleep

Simon bites his mother

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? a. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for a reduction in cigarette use b. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco c. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year d. supporting your sister, who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for a reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? a. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco b. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year c. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for a reduction in cigarette use d. supporting your sister, who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? a. because girls' parents tend to spend less time monitoring their activities b. because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves c. because girls are found to spend more time online d. because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or _______, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions. a. associate b. ally c. union d. confederate

confederate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. a. confirmation bias b. availability heuristic c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. representative bias

confirmation bias

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. a. diffusion of responsibility b. aggression c. prosocial behavior d. cognitive dissonance

diffusion of responsibility

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? a. effort justification strategy b. door-in-the face strategy c. lowball technique d. foot-in-the-door technique

foot-in-the-door technique

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people who do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias. a. confirmation b. in-group c. out-group d. scapegoating

in-group

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? a. individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person b. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again c. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased d. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm

individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

The ____ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. a. come-uppance b. equipotentialitly c. equal status d. just-world

just-world

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. a. confirmatory b. informational c. normative d. groupthink

normative

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. a. prescription for psychotropic medicine b. written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities c. set of instructions to be carried out without deviation d. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific training

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific training

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ______. a. prejudice b. discrimination c. conformity d. stereotype

prejudice

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. a. effort justification b. in-group bias c. confirmation bias d. scapegoating

scapegoating

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. a. social role b. heuristic c. social norm d. script

script

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? a. seeking outside opinions on group decisions b. avoiding the development of any contingency plans c. voting publicly in front of group members d. having the group leader make their position known before discussion begins

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________. a. groupthink b.the fundamental attribution error c. the self-serving bias d. the actor-observer effect

the fundamental attribution error