CHAPT 25 - Health Promotion for the 21st Century

Which entity is usually the first point of contact people have with their health care system? a). Emergency room b). Surgery center c). Primary care center d). Hospital

c). Primary care center

Which action can boost herd immunity? a). Treatment plans b). Quarantine c). Vaccination d). Media information

c). Vaccination

Isoniazid is used for what?

TB but it became resistance

Rifampin was used to treat what?

TB but it became resistance

What are the three steps to address vaccine hesitancy as noted in the Guide to Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP) from the WHO / Europe

a). "Identify populations susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases" b). "Diagnose supply- and demand-side barriers and enablers to vaccination," and c). "Recommend evidence-informed responses to enhance and sustain vaccination uptake" (WHO, 2019g).

Which period of time reflects the incubation period of Ebola? a). 2 to 21 days b). 7 to 14 days c). 2 to 3 weeks d). 3 to 5 weeks

a). 2 to 21 days

Which type of disease is categorized as noncommunicable? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Cardiovascular disease b). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) c). Diabetes d). Cancer e). HIV f). Influenza

a). Cardiovascular disease b). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) c). Diabetes d). Cancer

Which community characteristic places the population at a higher risk for disease? a). Civil unrest b). High employment rates c). Agricultural focus d). Industrialization

a). Civil unrest (The fragile state of government experiencing civil war or unrest will expose the populace to instability for food, water, safe housing, and health care)

Which approach will help to reduce problems of health care in fragile states? a). Collaboration b). Crisis response c). Poverty support d). Treatments for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)

a). Collaboration (Technologies such as telemedicine as well as cooperation between rural and urban providers will help stabilize health care)

Which factor is a practical issue of vaccination decision-making identified in the WHO Vaccination Model? a). Convenience b). Willingness c). Readiness d). Intention

a). Convenience (Factors of availability, convenience, and cost are practical issues surrounding vaccination decision-making)

Which action is needed to reduce the incidence of disease spread from one country to another? a). Early disease recognition b). Military action c). Population relocation d). Immigration restriction

a). Early disease recognition

Which strategy is effective in reducing high-risk health behaviors? a). Education b). Medications c). Surgical intervention d). Taxation

a). Education

Which person is most vulnerable to the effects of Zika? a). Fetus b). Pregnant woman c). Older person d). Child

a). Fetus (The greatest effects of Zika virus infection are seen in the unborn child of a woman infected while pregnant)

Which characteristic describes the primary health care progression model? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Has the ability to be used anywhere b). Measures capacity within a global region c). Directs development of improvement strategies d). Assesses performance within a given country e). Contributes to all goals of the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI)

a). Has the ability to be used anywhere c). Directs development of improvement strategies d). Assesses performance within a given country e). Contributes to all goals of the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI)

Which action can be taken to protect and promote health? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Knowing personal risks b). Being vigilant when traveling c). Using safe sex practices d). Performing hand hygiene e). Using antibiotics appropriately f). Stocking up on antibiotics

a). Knowing personal risks b). Being vigilant when traveling c). Using safe sex practices d). Performing hand hygiene e). Using antibiotics appropriately

Which attribute is characteristic of drug resistance? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Microorganism mutation b). Higher risk of death c). Treatment failureFaster disease spread d). Overuse of antibiotics

a). Microorganism mutation b). Higher risk of death c). Treatment failureFaster disease spread d). Overuse of antibiotics

Which individual potentially has the greatest lifelong influence for a child's lifestyle choices? a). Mother b). Father c). Teacher d). Nurse

a). Mother (Maternal influence on a child's lifelong lifestyle choices begins in utero)

Which type of care is considered the backbone of universal health care systems? a). Primary care b). Hospital-based care c). Surgical care d). Emergency care

a). Primary care

Which factor is a component of the social processes identified in the vaccination model created by the WHO global health expert group? a). Provider recommendation b). Trust c). Vaccine availability d). Perceived risk

a). Provider recommendation (The advice of a trusted provider supports the social aspect of vaccination decision-making and is identified as a social process in the WHO vaccination model)

Which objective is included in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) global influenza strategy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Research b). Monitoring c). Prevention d). Preparedness e). Immunization

a). Research b). Monitoring c). Prevention d). Preparedness

Which disease outbreak represents a recent pandemic? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) b). H1N1 (swine flu) c). Ebola d). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) e). Zika f). Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)

a). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) = 2003 b). H1N1 (swine flu) = 2009 c). Ebola = 2014 d). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) = 2019/2020 f). Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) - 2012

Which statement defines the term pandemic? a). Sudden and widespread global presence of a specific disease b). Fast spread of a noncommunicable disease c). Spread of a new strain of virus limited to a specific community d). Regular occurrence of a specific disease throughout the world

a). Sudden and widespread global presence of a specific disease

Which statement describes tuberculosis (TB) from a global perspective? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). The global incidence of TB is falling. b). It is uncommon to have drug resistance to TB. c). Outcomes are on track to achieve the goal of global eradication of TB by 2030. d). Asymptomatic individuals increase the potential for disease spread. e). Multidrug resistance results from poor management of drug supply.

a). The global incidence of TB is falling. d). Asymptomatic individuals increase the potential for disease spread. e). Multidrug resistance results from poor management of drug supply.

Which factor of health is the most modifiable? a). Tobacco use b). Obesity c). Blood pressure d). Physical activity

a). Tobacco use (The use of tobacco is a choice. Abstinence from tobacco costs nothing and is not socially unacceptable)

Which factor is a driver of state fragility? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Weak political systems b). Poor economics c). Climate d). Disease e). Violence f). Geography

a). Weak political systems b). Poor economics c). Climate d). Disease e). Violence f). Geography

Which statement defines herd immunity? a). When more members of the population have immunity, it is harder for the disease to spread. b). Animals that pass the disease are herded away from humans. c). Immunity is naturally passed from one member of the herd to another. d). If fewer members of the herd have the disease, all other members of the herd are safer.

a). When more members of the population have immunity, it is harder for the disease to spread.

Which indicator describes the 2018 infection rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? a). Increased b). Decreased c). Unknown d). No change

b). Decreased (In 2018, 7 million people were newly diagnosed with HIV, which is down 40% from the peak year of new diagnoses in 1997)

Which global occurrence has increased new communicable diseases? a). Aging population b). Deforestation c). Industrialization d). Affluence

b). Deforestation (The destruction of animal habitat through deforestation has increased contact between humans and animals, thus allowing the communication of disease between species)

Which disease is spread by mosquitoes? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). HIV b). Dengue c). Influenza d). Zika e). Ebola

b). Dengue d). Zika

Which step is a component of the WHO Guide for Tailoring Immunization Programmes? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Identify populations susceptible to chronic disease b). Diagnose supply-side barriers and enablers c). Detect demand-side barriers and enablers d). Recommend evidence-informed responses to enhance vaccination uptake e). Develop public health education programs to reduce vaccine hesitancy

b). Diagnose supply-side barriers and enablers c). Detect demand-side barriers and enablers d). Recommend evidence-informed responses to enhance vaccination uptake

Which value represents the number of strategic objectives identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent an influenza pandemic? a). Two b). Four c). Seven d). Ten

b). Four (1). Promote research and innovation to address unmet public health needs 2). Strengthen global influenza surveillance, monitoring, and data utilization 3). Expand seasonal influenza prevention and control policies and programs to protect the vulnerable 4). Strengthen pandemic preparedness and response for influenza to make the world safer)

Which characteristic determines if a disease is communicable? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Lifestyle choices b). Mode of transmission c). Risk of threat to life d). Presence of a vector e). Genetics

b). Mode of transmission

Which statement describes the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI)? a). PHCPI is an example of a national collaboration designed to strengthen primary care. b). The initiative began through a partnership involving the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. c). PHCPI identified one primary goal. d). The overall stance of PHCPI is "Prevention Saves Lives."

b). The initiative began through a partnership involving the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Which percentage of the population is estimated to have access to antiretroviral medications for HIV infection? a). 100% b). 90% c). 75% d). 40%

c). 75% (Depending on the area, as little as 55% and as much as 82% of a population has access to medications to treat HIV infection)

Which characteristic describes state fragility? a). Results primarily from internal risks b). Is rarely found in developed countries c). Affects the economic stability of a country d). Is confined to countries experiencing conflict

c). Affects the economic stability of a country

Which disease is considered noncommunicable? a). Influenza b). Dengue c). Asthma d). HIV

c). Asthma

Which factor contributes to state fragility? a). Growing public health efforts b). Lack of private health care c). Climate d). Microbial identification program

c). Climate (Climate change affects food and pathogen prevalence, resulting in poorer health outcomes of the populace)

Which condition is a spillover effect from developing to developed countries? a). Prosperity b). Stability c). Disease d). Employment

c). Disease

Which medication is used to treat drug resistant tuberculosis? a). Isoniazid b). Rifampin c). Fluoroquinolone d). Penicillin

c). Fluoroquinolone (This class of medication is a second-line treatment agent after the development of resistance to isoniazid and rifampin)

Which step is included in the WHO's "Guide to Tailoring Immunization Programmes" in Europe? a). Manufacture of vaccines b). Education about vaccine hesitancy c). Identification of vulnerable populations d). Consideration of political recommendations

c). Identification of vulnerable populations

Which factor contributes to multidrug resistance? a). Asymptomatic disease b). Early treatment c). Improper treatment d). Accessible medication

c). Improper treatment

Which factor contributes to drug-resistant disease? a). Monitored compliance b). Stable economics c). Commercially manufactured drugs d). Fragile states

d). Fragile states

Which factor is important to the life course approach to healthy living? a). Full-time employment b). Disease orientation c). Behavioral role models d). Health literacy

d). Health literacy

Which option is best to reduce the threat of an influenza pandemic? a). Quarantine b). Travel restriction c). Personal hygiene d). Immunization

d). Immunization

Which condition is communicable? a). Cancer b). Type 1 diabetes c). Stroke d). Influenza

d). Influenza

Which level of vaccination campaign is most likely to be effective? a). Global b). Multinational c). Continental d). National

d). National

Which segment of the population benefited from the Ubuntu-Afya kiosk model study? a). Geriatric b). School aged c). Adult d). Newborn

d). Newborn (The Ubuntu-Afya kiosk model showed tremendous improvement in maternal and newborn care, with the most significant improvements in postnatal care rates and follow-up)

Which factor is a motivational issue concerning vaccination? a). Cost b). Convenience c). Availability d). Willingness

d). Willingness (The spectrum of motivational issues for vaccination identified by the WHO global expert group in 2018 includes willingness, hesitancy, readiness, and intention)