Chapter 04 Applied Content
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?
embedded in the thylakoid membrane
The plant cell wall
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
The nucleolus __________.
is rich in ribosomal RNA
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
lysosomes
Where are lipids made in the cell?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Found in only plant cells
Cell wall and chloroplast
Dr. J. Craig Venter and his team synthetically created what?
DNA
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus
Found in only animal cells
Lysosomes
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
Mitochondrion
Found in animal and plant cells
Nucleus and rough ER
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
Storing compounds produced by the cell
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?
The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?
chloroplast
What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?
cristae
What makes up the majority of a cell's interior?
cytoplasm
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton
Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?
cytosol
A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.
lack of dynein proteins
The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?
lysosome
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
According to Dr. Steen Rasmussen, what three things must all living cells have?
metabolism, a membrane, and a genome
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
nucleus
Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.
plant
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
plasma membrane
Which of the following organelles puts amino acids together to form proteins?
ribosome
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
ribosomes
Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?
several million
If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?
transmission electron microscope
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes