Chapter 09 Skeletal System: Articulations
104. During development of synovial joints, the articular capsule forms from mesenchymal tissue that is A. laterally located. B. centrally located.
A
107. This figure shows the temporomandibular joint. Which number indicates the articular capsule? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. None of the choices is correct.
A
17. The pubic symphysis is classified as a A. cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis. B. fibrous joint and a synarthrosis. C. synovial joint and a diarthrosis. D. cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis. E. fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
A
25. Which is not a function of synovial fluid? A. Nourishes osteocytes B. Lubricates articulating surfaces C. Removes wastes D. Serves as shock absorber E. Distributes stress forces across articular surfaces
A
27. Which are not considered to be features of a synovial joint? A. Muscles B. Nerves C. Blood vessels D. Articular cartilage E. Synovial fluid
A
38. The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the A. fulcrum. B. condyle. C. resistance node. D. effort arm. E. Multiaxis.
A
4. In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by A. dense regular connective tissue. B. areolar connective tissue. C. dense irregular connective tissue. D. fibrocartilage. E. articular cartilage.
A
40. In the body, a joint serves as a ________ for a long bone. A. fulcrum B. lever C. effort arm D. resistor
A
44. In a first-class lever A. the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance. B. the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. C. the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. D. there is no effort arm.
A
49. A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) __________ motion. A. angular B. rotational C. eversion D. sliding
A
59. If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck. A. hyperextending B. rotating C. circumducting D. flexing E. elevating
A
61. Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of __________ followed by __________. A. flexion, extension B. extension, flexion C. adduction, abduction D. abduction, adduction E. extension, hyperextension
A
70. The articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint is exceptionally A. loose. B. tight.
A
75. The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a _______ range of movement. A. wide B. narrow
A
77. The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______. A. strong, scapula B. strong, sternum C. weak, scapula D. weak, sternum
A
79. One of the weakest parts of the shoulder is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect of the shoulder. A. inferior B. superior C. anterior D. posterior
A
83. Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place? A. Anular ligament B. Ulnar collateral ligament C. Radial collateral ligament D. Transverse humeral ligament E. Deltoid ligament
A
84. The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the A. radial collateral ligament. B. lateral cruciate ligament. C. annular ligament. D. ulnar collateral ligament. E. ulnar condylar ligament.
A
86. The elbow contains _____ articular capsule(s). A. one B. two C. three
A
88. Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped A. iliofemoral ligament. B. pubofemoral ligament. C. ligament of the head of the femur. D. ischiofemoral ligament.
A
91. When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has A. a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments. B. a deeper bony socket but weaker supporting ligaments. C. a shallower bony socket and weaker supporting ligaments. D. a shallower bony socket but stronger supporting ligaments.
A
37. The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint.
A. pivot B. plane C. hinge D. saddle E. suture B
1. Which is not correct regarding articulations? A. An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth. B. All articulations contain some type of cartilage. C. Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations. D. Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile. E. There are three structural categories of articulations.
B
105. Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as A. gout. B. osteoarthritis. C. rheumatoid arthritis. D. osteopenia. E. articular porosis.
B
108. These figures show the coxal joint. Which number indicates the pubofemoral ligament? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
B
2. The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is A. immobile. B. freely mobile. C. fused. D. slightly mobile. E. dislocated.
B
20. In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a A. suture. B. synchondrosis. C. syndesmosis. D. symphysis. E. gomphosis.
B
30. Synovial fluid is A. a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. B. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. C. a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. D. an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.
B
32. Which joint is multiaxial? A. Pivot B. Ball and socket C. Condylar D. Plane E. Hinge
B
41. When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the A. fulcrum. B. effort arm. C. resistance arm.
B
42. If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the A. effort arm. B. resistance arm. C. lever length.
B
46. Our calf muscles contract to cause plantar flexion, resembling the lever system of a wheelbarrow. Therefore, it is a _______ -class lever. A. first B. second C. third
B
48. In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are A. rotations. B. gliding movements. C. flexions and extensions. D. circumductions. E. pivots.
B
5. The sagittal suture is a(n) A. cartilaginous joint. B. fibrous joint. C. synovial joint. D. synchondrosis. E. amphiarthrosis.
B
56. When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is A. extension. B. flexion. C. abduction. D. adduction. E. rotation.
B
63. If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved? A. Pronation and adduction B. Supination and extension C. Depression and flexion D. Protraction and rotation E. Eversion and abduction
B
67. Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name? A. Radiocarpal joint - wrist B. Glenohumeral joint - elbow C. Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle D. Temporomandibular - TMJ E. Talocrural - ankle
B
69. In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers. A. meniscus B. articular disc C. mandibular partition D. sphenomandibular ligament E. coronoid capsule
B
71. When protracting the jaw or making small side-to-side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes ________ movements. A. rotation B. gliding C. flexion D. extension E. circumduction
B
74. The acromioclavicular joint is part of the A. sternum. B. shoulder. C. elbow. D. neck. E. cranium.
B
80. The glenohumeral ligaments are A. strong and distinct. B. weak and indistinct.
B
81. Which joints are responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow? A. Glenohumeral and humeroulnar B. Humeroulnar and humeroradial C. Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar D. Humeroradial, radioulnar, and radiocarpal E. Humeroradial and radioulnar
B
82. The elbow is a _______ joint. A. plane B. hinge C. condyle D. saddle
B
89. The ligamentum teres of the hip extends from the A. ilium to the lesser trochanter of the femur. B. acetabulum to the head of the femur. C. pubis to the greater trocanter of the femur. D. iliac crest to the head of the femur. E. ischium to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.
B
9. Gomphoses A. contain fluid-filled joint cavities. B. are found only in tooth sockets. C. consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. D. cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. E. are also called saddle joints.
B
93. In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight ________. A. flexed, circumduction B. flexed, rotation C. extended, supination D. extended, gliding
B
94. Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyperadduction? A. Tibial collateral ligament B. Fibular collateral ligament C. Patellar ligament D. Anterior cruciate ligament E. Medial meniscus
B
97. Which of the following describes a meniscus? A. Attach one bone to another at a joint B. Fibrous cartilage pads C. Flat, fluid-filled sacs D. Found only at the temporomandibular joint E. Attach muscles to bones
B
99. The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint. A. tarsometatarsal B. talocrural C. humeroradial D. knee E. fibulometatarsal
B
103. In the human body, joints start to form by the _________ week of embryonic development. A. 4th B. 8th C. 6th D. 10th E. 12th
C
110. This figure shows the knee joint. Which number indicates the tibial collateral ligament? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5 E. 6
C
13. Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a A. cartilagenous joint. B. diarthrosis. C. synarthrosis. D. synovial joint.
C
15. Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint, functionally, it is a __________. A. cartilagenous, diarthrosis B. cartilagenous, amphiarthrosis C. fibrous, amphiarthrosis D. fibrous, synarthrosis E. ball and socket, pivot
C
28. Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called A. fat pads. B. articular discs. C. bursae. D. menisci. E. diarthroses.
C
31. Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint. A. multiaxial B. gliding C. uniaxial D. biaxial E. ellipsoid
C
35. The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as _________ joints. A. planar B. ball and socket C. condylar D. pivot E. hinge
C
45. When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the A. first-class lever. B. second-class lever. C. third-class lever.
C
52. When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as A. dislocation. B. supination. C. hyperextension. D. hyperflexion. E. hypertrophy.
C
6. Sutures are joints that are found A. throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. B. between all bones and teeth of the skull. C. between certain bones of the skull. D. only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.
C
62. The joint movement called eversion involves A. lateral rotation of the coxal joint. B. medial rotation of the coxal joint. C. turning the sole of the foot laterally. D. turning the palm of the hand laterally. E. turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally.
C
7. An articular capsule is present in A. fibrous joints. B. fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints. C. synovial joints. D. fibrous joints and synovial joints. E. all joints.
C
72. When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint. A. pivot B. ball and socket C. hinge D. saddle
C
78. The glenohumeral joint exhibits A. a high degree of stability and a wide range of motion. B. a high degree of stability but a narrow range of motion. C. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion. D. a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion.
C
87. The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the A. coxal retinaculum. B. obturator membrane. C. acetabular labrum. D. glenoid labrum.
C
95. In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the A. fibula and the femur. B. patella and the fibula. C. patella and the femur. D. patella and the tibia.
C
98. What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint? A. Hold the patella in place on the femur B. Hold the patella in place on the tibia C. Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia D. Limit the movement of the fibula on the femur E. Limit the movement of the fibula on the tibia
C
106. This figure shows the temporomandibular joint. Which number indicates the sphenomandibular ligament? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. None of the choices is correct.
D
109. These figures show the coxal joint. What structure does number 6 indicate? A. Ischiofemoral ligament B. Iliofemoral ligament C. Articular capsule D. Ligament of head of femur E. Acetabular ligament
D
16. A synarthrosis is A. always made of cartilage. B. a joint that has a capsule. C. a joint within a fetus that ossifies during early development. D. immobile. E. slightly mobile.
D
18. A synarthrotic joint would have A. high mobility and high stability. B. high mobility and low stability. C. low mobility and low stability. D. low mobility and high stability.
D
21. What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? A. Elastic cartilage B. Reticular cartilage C. Hyaline cartilage D. Fibrocartilage E. Sutural cartilage
D
26. Which is not true regarding ligaments? A. Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. B. Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. C. Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. D. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. E. Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
D
33. Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? A. Saddle B. Ball and socket C. Pivot D. Plane E. Condylar
D
34. The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint. A. condylar B. hinge C. plane D. pivot E. saddle
D
36. Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its classification? A. Tibiofemoral - hinge B. Glenohumeral - ball and socket C. Trapezium and first metacarpal - saddle D. Intertarsal - condylar E. Proximal radioulnar - pivot
D
53. Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called A. abduction. B. pronation. C. eversion. D. supination. E. protraction.
D
55. The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is A. adduction. B. hyperextension. C. eversion D. lateral flexion. E. gliding.
D
66. Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement? A. Flexion - extension B. Abduction - adduction C. Pronation - supination D. Elevation - retraction E. Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion
D
73. Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint? A. Coracoacromial ligament B. Coracohumeral ligament C. Glenohumeral ligament D. Humeral collateral ligament
D
96. The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the A. femur. B. quadriceps muscle. C. fibula. D. tibia. E. hamstring muscles.
D
111. This figure shows the knee joint. What structure does number 4 indicate? A. Posterior cruciate ligament B. Fibular collateral ligament C. Medial meniscus D. Lateral meniscus E. Anterior cruciate ligament
E
14. The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a A. synchondrosis. B. suture. C. synostosis. D. synarthrosis. E. syndesmosis.
E
19. Which is not a cartilaginous joint? A. First costochondral joint B. Intervertebral joint C. Second costochondral joint D. First sternocostal joint E. Second sternocostal joint
E
22. Which is not true about synovial joints? A. All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. B. Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. C. Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. D. Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. E. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
E
54. Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called A. abduction. B. flexion. C. inversion. D. retraction. E. adduction.
E
102. At the ankle, the lateral ligament is stronger than the medial ligament.
FALSE
11. A fibrous joint contains a joint capsule.
FALSE
112. The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable.
FALSE
114. At the knee, the articular capsule encloses only the medial, lateral, and anterior regions of the joint.
FALSE
24. A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.
FALSE
47. Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
FALSE
51. Circumduction is an example of a gliding motion.
FALSE
64. Medial rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus away from the main axis of the body.
FALSE
92. The glenohumeral joint is more stable than the hip joint.
FALSE
100. The deltoid ligament is also known as the medial ligament.
TRUE
101. The talocrural joint is a modified hinge joint that permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.
TRUE
113. The epiphyseal plates in long bones are examples of synchondroses.
TRUE
115. Moderate exercise improves the health of joints by increasing the flow of synovial fluid in and out of the articular cartilage.
TRUE
23. Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage that lacks a perichondrium.
TRUE
29. One of the functions of synovial fluid is to act as a shock absorber that distributes force evenly across the joint surface.
TRUE
3. The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
TRUE
43. The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort is called the effort arm.
TRUE
50. Adduction is an example of an angular motion.
TRUE
60. The ankle joint is the only joint that makes the movements "dorsiflexion" and "plantar flexion".
TRUE
65. Lateral rotation is also known as external rotation.
TRUE
68. The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones.
TRUE
76. The sternoclavicular joint contains an articular disc.
TRUE
8. Sutures permit skull growth during childhood.
TRUE
85. The elbow is considered to be a stable joint.
TRUE
90. The hip allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
TRUE
10. A slightly mobile joint is referred to as a(n) _________.
amphiarthrosis
118. A joint in which the bone can move in two planes is said to be __________.
biaxial
57. When the distal end of a limb makes a circular motion while the proximal end of the limb stays stationary, such that the entire limb's movement defines an imaginary cone shape, the motion is known as ___________.
circumduction
120. A common knee injury is a torn ACL, which stands for anterior ________ ligament.
cruciate
39. A _________ is an elongated, rigid object that can be used to alter the distance of movement produced by a force.
lever
121. During development, tissue called ___________ differentiates to form the connective tissues of cartilagenous and fibrous joints.
mesenchyme
58. Humans are able to grasp objects between the thumb and fingers due to a special joint movement called _____________.
opposition
119. At the knee, a bone called the ____________ is embedded within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.
patella
12. In a gomphosis, a tooth is held in place by fibrous structures known as __________ membranes.
periodontal
116. In an older adult, the tissue in a suture may become completely ossified, fusing the skull bones together. This type of suture is called a _____________.
synostosis
117. The lining of an articular capsule is called the ___________ membrane.
synovial