Chapter 1, 2, 3 Organizational Behavior

Which of the following reactions to negative work events would be categorized as passive?

Loyalty Neglect

In the management by objectives (MBO) process, who sets goals or objectives?

The employees and their managers

Which of the following demographic trends in the U.S. workforce are true?

Workers older than 60 years are staying in the workforce longer. There are increasing numbers of foreign-born workers in the U.S.

Which of the following types of organizational commitment is associated with organizational citizenship behaviors?

affective

Of the employee behaviors that are relevant to job performance, which of the following contributes negatively to the organization?

counterproductive behavior

Affective commitment reflects a(n) ______ bond to the organization.

emotional

There are two types of withdrawal that employees can exhibit: psychological and ______.

physical

According to this text, with which of the following does the scientific method begin?

theory

Blake works as a bartender at a sports bar. He doesn't measure as he pours and often serves very generous drinks, especially if customers tip him well. "After all," he shrugs, "I'm not paying for the booze and it keeps the customers happy." Which counterproductive behavior does this describe?

wasting resources

Which of the following counterproductive behaviors are types of production deviance?

wasting resources substance abuse

Place the following groups in order of the percentage of the U.S. labor force that they represent, with the group that represents the largest percentage at top. Instructions Asians Whites African Americans Hispanics

1. Whites 2. Hispanics 3. African Americans 4. Asians

Students in Professor Alsever's class make a final project presentation before their classmates, and other department professors are invited to attend. The grade on the final project is based on weighted feedback from Professor Alsever, classmates, and the other professors in attendance. What type of performance management system is Professor Alsever using for evaluating the final project?

360-degree feedback

The performance management approach that incorporates information about an employee's performance from the employee's supervisor, subordinates, peers, and others within and outside the organization is called

360-degree feedback.

______ commitment reflects an employee's desire to stay with an organization because of an emotional attachment to it.

Affective

The theories and concepts in organizational behavior (OB) are derived from which of the following disciplines? (Check all that apply.)

Anthropology Industrial psychology Social psychology

Drag and drop the descriptions of counterproductive behavior with the corresponding types. Property Deviance Production Deviance Political Deviance Personal Aggression

Behaviors that harm the organization's assets and possessions Behaviors that reduce the efficiency of work output Behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other individuals Hostile verbal and physical actions directed toward other employees

______ commitment reflects an employee's desire to remain with an organization because of an awareness of the costs associated with leaving it.

Continuance

Match the performance management practice (at left) with its description (at right). Instructions management by objectives (MBO) behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) 360-degree feedback forced ranking

Employees and managers develop mutually agreed-upon goals. Performance is measured by identifying and assessing job performance behaviors. Performance information is provided by supervisors, subordinates, peers, and others. Managers are required to classify employees as top, average, or low performers.

Which of the following is a feature of performance management that is more suitable for social networking systems than for more traditional practices?

Employees can post questions about their own performance for coworkers to give immediate anonymous feedback.

Which of the following actions by an employer would likely foster an increased continuance commitment among its employees?

Establishing a generous salary and benefit package Instituting a "promote from within" policy

______ argues that management decisions and organizational practices should be based on scientific research and findings.

Evidence-based management

True or false: Evidence-based management argues that intuition and experience should form the foundation for managerial decisions and organizational practices.

False

The resource-based view of organizations suggests that a resource is more valuable when it is which of the following?

Inimitable Rare

______ is defined as the value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute to organizational goal accomplishment.

Job performance

Which of the following is the best description of a causal inference?

One variable causes another.

According to the integrative model of organizational behavior, which of the following would be categorized as organizational mechanisms that contribute to individual mechanisms? (Check all that apply.)

Organizational culture Organizational structure

______ involves hostile verbal and physical actions directed toward others within the organization.

Personal aggression

The performance management practice that measures performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors is referred to as

a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS).

The statement, "A change in X produces a change in Y" is an example of

a causal inference.

Jamie predicts that, if she implements flexible scheduling at the company, absenteeism will decrease. This is an example of

a hypothesis.

The use of statistical methods to combine the results of several individual but similar studies is known as

a meta-analysis.

After several United Airlines flights were canceled because of bad weather, reservation clerks had to scramble to get passengers rerouted to their destinations on other flights and/or airlines. This is primarily an example of

adaptive task performance.

"I love my job," Brendan says of his job at the humane shelter. "Every day brings a new challenge and a new opportunity for me to learn and make a difference in the community." This description best demonstrates which type of organizational commitment?

affecive

Ted doesn't seem to care about anything at work -- his job, his coworkers, or even the company. He's just biding his time, exerting just enough effort to keep his job, and counting the days until retirement. Ted would best be described as a(n)

apathetic

Organizational behavior seeks to understand, explain, and improve employees' attitudes and _____.

behaviors

Which of the following actions may constitute physical withdrawal on the part of the employee?

being late to work calling in sick

Psychological harassment and abuse directed toward an individual or group of individuals is known as

bullying.

Jake is a salesperson for a car dealership. He has missed his monthly sales quota for March, largely because the car dealership down the street introduced a sales incentive of 0% financing for 36 months and a $1,000 rebate on all new vehicles purchased during the month of March. This illustrates that a problem with evaluating job performance on the basis of results is that the results _____.

can be influenced by factors beyond the employees' control

Voluntary behaviors that contribute to the organization by improving the overall workplace setting are referred to as

citizenship behavior.

An employee's desire to remain a member of the organization is referred to as organizational

commitment.

The people, places, and things that can inspire an employee's desire to remain a member of an organization together form what is known as the employee's focus of

commitment.

Anton has received an attractive job offer from a competitor but agonizes over leaving his current employer. "If I leave the company now, I'll lose my stock options and all that accrued vacation." What type of organizational commitment does this best depict?

continuance

A summary of the statistical relationships between variables is referred to as

correlation.

Employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment are referred to as ______ behavior.

counterproductive

Employee behaviors relevant to job performance include which of the following?

counterproductive behavior citizenship behavior task performance

Under the BARS approach to assessing job performance behaviors, descriptions of both effective and ineffective workplace behaviors used to evaluate employee performance are known as

critical incidents.

Drew likes aspects of telecommuting, but one of the drawbacks is that he feels somewhat isolated from his coworkers and has formed few bonds with them. According to the ______ model, Drew is more likely to leave the organization than his coworkers who have frequent communication with more emotional depth.

erosion

True or false: Counterproductive behavior encompasses employee behaviors that intentionally or unintentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment.

false

One of the principal ways in which job performance is used to manage employee performance is called 360-degree ___________.

feedback

Benny agonizes over whether or not to accept a new job. "It isn't just one thing," he explains. "I'm not crazy about my job, but I like the people I work with, and it would be really hard to give up four weeks of vacation every year. Besides that, the commute would take twice as long." The factors to remain with the organization that Benny describes are referred to as his _____.

focus of commitment

At the beginning of the semester, Professor Wolfman explained her grading policy. She stated that students would be evaluated on the basis of comparison with one another and that 20% of the class would earn an A grade, 70% of the class would earn a C grade, and 10% of the class would fail. What performance management system is Professor Wolfman using in her class?

forced ranking

The performance management approach that uses job performance evaluations to identify a company's best, average, and worst performing employees, using person-to-person comparisons, is known as

forced ranking.

Carolyn was disgruntled after a less-experienced colleague was promoted to supervisor of the department. She told her coworkers over lunch, "I heard that the only reason she got the promotion is because she's sleeping with the department head." What type of counterproductive behavior is Carolyn exhibiting?

gossiping

Which of the following behaviors likely would be involved in adaptive task performance?

handling emergencies or crisis situations dealing with unpredictable situations analyzing options for dealing with uncertain situations

Which of the following are forms of personal aggression?

harassment abuse

Johanna is proud to be a Motorola employee and wants to continue her career with the company. Johanna demonstrates

high organizational commitment.

According to the resource-based view, the collective store of useful experience, wisdom, and knowledge possessed by an organization's people is referred to as

history.

Match the method of knowledge (at left) with its description (at right). Instructions Method of experience Method of Intuition Method of authority Method of science

holding to a belief because it is consistent with your experience and observations holding to a belief because it "feels right" or appears self-evident accepting a belief because a trusted source respected source has said it is so accepting a belief on the basis of scientific studies

Which of the following behaviors would be categorized as minor interpersonal counterproductive behaviors?

incivility gossiping

According to the integrative model of organizational behavior, ability, personality, and cultural values would be categorized as

individual characteristics.

According to the integrative model of organizational behavior, ______ would include such elements as motivation, stress, and job satisfaction.

individual mechanisms

Citizenship behavior that benefits coworkers and colleagues and involves assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members is known as ____________ citizenship behavior.

interpersonal

The measure of how well an employee does his or her work tasks and responsibilities is known as

job performance.

Accountants, lawyers, teachers, and engineers would be considered ______________ workers because their jobs require them to engage in cognitive tasks and apply theoretical and analytical knowledge.

knowledge

Cognitive work that requires the application of theoretical and analytical knowledge is known as ______ work.

knowledge

The group mechanism that details how individuals gain power over others within the organization is referred to as

leadership power and negotiations.

The individual mechanism that deals with how employees acquire and apply knowledge to a job is referred to as

learning and decision making.

Alonzo is a successful salesperson, but he's seen as a bit of a renegade in the organization. He doesn't like to be managed and doesn't have much interest in complying with company policy or procedures. His only interest is in making his sales quota. Alonzo would best be described as a(n)

lone wolf.

The performance appraisal system that involves the development of a set of mutually agreed-upon objectives between employees and supervisors is

management by objectives (MBO).

Pete reads all of the latest management theory books on the best-seller list and tries to implement the practices recommended by the authors. He surmises that their recommended practices must be effective because they are best-selling authors. Which of the following bases of knowledge is Pete using?

method of authority

Tyrone has been a sales manager for many years, and his staff has always reached or exceeded quota, so he is confident that he has good leadership skills. Which of the following bases for knowledge does Tyrone use to assess his leadership skills?

method of experience

In order to test market acceptance of the company's new product, Marketing Manager Francesca has conducted a number of focus group interviews and has also had an independent firm conduct several market surveys. Which basis for knowledge is Francesca relying upon?

method of science

In which type of organizational commitment does an employee choose to remain with the organization because of a feeling of obligation to do so?

normative

Matt just finished his MBA, thanks to his company's generous tuition reimbursement program. He has received an attractive job offer from a competitor but feels that he owes a debt to his current employer for all the money the employer invested in his education. What type of organizational commitment does this describe?

normative

The three types of organizational commitment are affective commitment, continuance commitment, and ______ commitment.

normative

The field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations is known as

organizational behavior.

According to the integrative model of organizational behavior, OB researchers are interested in which of the following individual outcomes?

organizational commitment job performance

The organizational mechanism that captures the shared knowledge about the values and beliefs of the organization is called

organizational culture.

The organizational mechanism that reflects how units within an organization link to and communicate with other units is called

organizational structure

The degree to which employees believe that the organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being is referred to as

perceived organizational support

Counterproductive behavior directed against the organization that focuses on reducing the efficiency of work output is referred to as

production deviance.

Behaviors that harm the organization's assets and possessions are known as

property deviance.

The primary advantage of social networking systems for performance management is that, in contrast with more traditional practices, they

provide performance information in a timely manner.

The types of quasi-contractual terms with which employees view what they owe their employer and what their employer owes them are referred to as

psychological contracts.

A(n) ______ contract views the employment relationship in terms of subjective and open-ended obligations.

relational

Horatio works as a parking attendant at a municipal parking lot. He monitors the parking lot to prevent vandalism and theft, collects fees from motorists, and makes periodic rounds to check for expired permits. These duties would be considered as

routine task performance.

Tyler works as a senior customer service associate at a large financial services firm. When the stock market closes each day, he is responsible for entering the closing prices of funds and processing withdrawals. These responsibilities would likely be considered as

routine task performance.

The basic premise of evidence-based management is that ______ should be the basis for management decisions and organizational practices.

scientific findings

Work that provides nontangible goods to customers through direct electronic, verbal, or physical interaction is known as ______ work.

service

Randi works as an aesthetician at a local spa and works with clients to improve the tone, health, and appearance of their skin through massage, facials, and hair removal. What type of work does Randi perform?

service work

According to the resource-based view, people within an organization create resources such as culture, teamwork, trust, and reputation. These resources are referred to as ______ resources.

socially complex

Persons with high levels of organizational commitment are likely to respond to negative work events by doing which of the following?

speaking up and sharing their concerns with their manager continuing to do their job

Match the type of organizational commitment (at left) with its description (at right). affective continuance normative

staying because you want to staying because you need to staying because you ought to

Which of the following refers to the set of explicit obligations that an employee has for fulfilling a job?

task performance

Employee behaviors directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into goods or services are referred to as

task performance.

Which group mechanism describes the creation and composition of teams?

team characteristics and diversity

Group mechanisms include which of the following?

team characteristics and diversity leadership styles and behaviors

Which of the following is required in order to establish a causal inference between two variables?

that the variables be correlated

A correlation of 1 between two variables suggests which of the following?

that there is a perfect statistical relationship between the variables

Which of the following suggests that an employee who has fewer emotional attachments to work colleagues will be most likely to leave the organization?

the erosion model

Which of the following perspectives argues that organizational resources that are valuable, rare, and inimitable can lead to the creation of competitive advantage and an increase in the bottom-line profitability of the organization?

the resource-based view

Alonzo works as a retail clerk at a convenience store. A customer pays for an item with exact change and hurries out, so Alonzo doesn't ring up the sale and pockets the money instead. Which counterproductive behavior does this demonstrate?

theft