Chapter 1
DEFINE: equator
0 degrees
# of daylight hours in North Pole: dec solstice
24 hours darkness
latitude ranges from ___ to ____
90 degrees north and 90 degrees south
significance: arctic circle
all points north of 66.5 N are always outside the circle of illumination and have continuous hours of darkness
significance: antarctic circle
all points south of 66.5 S are always outside the circle of illumination and have 24 hours of darkness
rotation
alternation of daylight and darkness, gravitational pull of moon and sun
state the latitude in degrees: arctic circle and antarctic circle
arctic - 66.5 N; antarctic - 66.5 S
polarity
axis always points in the same direction relative to the stars
state the latitude in degrees: tropic of cancer and tropic of capricorn
cancer - 23.5 N; capricorn - 23.5 S
describe: fractional map scales
conveys distance on Earth and distance on a map with a fraction or ratio
# of daylight hours in N. Hemisphere: dec solstice
day becomes shorter with increasing latitude south of equator
inclination of earth's axis
earth's axis is tilted
latitude of the vertical rays of the noon sun: march equinox
equator
latitude of the vertical rays of the noon sun: september equinox
equator
diff between equivalent and conformal map
equivalent - shows correct size relationships conformal - shows correct angular and shape relationships
define: isoline
lines of equal anything
DEFINE: meridian
lines of longitude
DEFINE: parallel
lines of longitude
DEFINE: longitude
location expressed as an angle east or west of the equator
DEFINE: latitude
location expressed as an angle north or south of the equator
is the noon sun directly overhead at the equator every day of the year?
no, the vertical rays of the noon sun strike the equator on the march and september equinoxes
# of daylight hours: june solstice
north pole 24 hours daylight, south pole 24 hours darkness
# of daylight hours: december solstice
north pole 24 hrs darkness, south pole 24 hrs daylight
significance: tropic of cancer
northernmost latitude reached by the vertical rays of the Sun
revolution around the sun
revolving and orbiting around the sun
significance: tropic of capricorn
southernmost latitude reached by the vertical rays of the Sun
latitude of the vertical rays of the noon sun: june solstice
tropic of cancer - 23.5 N
latitude of the vertical rays of the noon sun: december solstice
tropic of capricorn 23.5 S
describe: graphic map scales
uses a line to represent actual distance on earth's surface
# of daylight hours in N. Hemisphere: june solstice
with increasing latitude, day becomes longer
what is the longest day of the year in the midlatitudes in the N. Hem?
June solstice
4 factors of earth-sun relations
1. rotation 2. revolution 3. inclination 4. polarity
# of daylight hours in North Pole: march equinox
12 hours
# of daylight hours in North Pole: sept equinox
12 hours
# of daylight hours in N. Hemisphere: march equinox
12 hours daylight, 12 hours darkness
# of daylight hours in N. Hemisphere: sept equinox
12 hours daylight, 12 hours darkness
# of daylight hours: march equinox
12 hours daylight, 12 hours darkness
# of daylight hours: september equinox
12 hours daylight, 12 hours darkness
DEFINE: prime meridian
180 degrees
# of daylight hours in North Pole: june solstice
24 hours daylight
at the north pole, how many months of the year is there no sunlight at all?
6 months
longitude ranges from ___ to ____
90 degrees west and 90 degrees east
what is the longest day of the year in the midlatitudes in the S. Hem?
Dec solstice